Two protected sites located on the outskirts of the Sena Oura National Park (PNSO) in West Mayo-Kebbi cover an area of 1800 m2 is pattern choose in pastoral enclave in both village. This study was undertaken to highli...Two protected sites located on the outskirts of the Sena Oura National Park (PNSO) in West Mayo-Kebbi cover an area of 1800 m2 is pattern choose in pastoral enclave in both village. This study was undertaken to highlight the floristic diversity of the herbaceous and woody vegetation on these sites in the offing to know the ability of charge into UBT that most support the park peripheral. It took place on two experimental sites on a natural course in two villages: Wazetelan and Massang. The approach used for the study was a survey using the systematic sampling method and a 30 m × 30 m plot. The survey consisted in listing all the taxa in a floristically homogeneous plot, each assigned the Braun-Blanquet dominance abundance coefficient. These surveys revealed a floristic richness of 73 species, 58 genera, including 46 herbaceous and 26 woody species. The Shannon result gives H1' = 0.12 bit for herbaceous species and H2' = 0.44 bit for woody species, meaning that the herbaceous and woody populations of all the surveys have a very low species diversity, as H' < 3 according to the Shannon index assessment threshold. Herbaceous species are divided into 13 families and 33 genera. The most represented families are Fabaceae (27.3%) and Poaceae (21.9%). Most of the other families (1.3%) have only one species, if any. Herbaceous species are divided into 33 genera grouped into 13 families. The most represented families are Fabaces (16 species), 34%, and Poaceae (12 species), 26%. The 26 woody species, most of which come from itinerant surveys, are distributed across 24 genera and 12 families, the most important of which is Fabaceae with 09 species (34.6%). This floristic assessment, in terms of quantity and quality, has enabled us to estimate the carrying capacity of the two pastoral enclaves in Dari and Goumadji cantons, and to guide the government’s actions with regard to rangeland management.展开更多
Deforestation remains one of the most imminent threats to biodiversity in the tropics.As such,its causes and dynamics need to be studied and understood to put a halt to further forest loss and degradation.In tropical ...Deforestation remains one of the most imminent threats to biodiversity in the tropics.As such,its causes and dynamics need to be studied and understood to put a halt to further forest loss and degradation.In tropical countries such as Uganda,agricultural expansion and wood fuel demand are its leading drivers.While the establishment of protected areas is a key tool in conserving remaining forest biodiversity,results indicate that current management does not sufficiently provide alternatives to forest resources utilised by households and income provided from timber and non-timber forest products.Beyond safeguarding ecosystems,protected areas need to ensure the sustainable socioeconomic development of adjacent communities for effective biodiversity conservation–however,both management and research often neglect to consider all dimensions.In this study,we analysed five decades of forest cover change in the Mount Elgon region,Uganda,by conducting a remote sensing analysis of its protected areas using Landsat MSS and TM data from 1973-2023 in combination with literature and subsequent interview analysis to consider both the ecological and socioeconomic dimension.We applied a random forest approach to differentiate forest and non-forest areas and carried out a pixel-based change detection analysis to differentiate temporal and spatial changes.Throughout the study period of 50 years,forest cover has evolved dynamically within the boundaries of the protected areas of Mount Elgon.A significant decline was observed in both Mount Elgon National Park with a loss of-5.98%(-46.83km²)and Mount Elgon Biosphere Reserve with a loss of-14.96%(-134.33km²).Our results showcase a cycle of deforestation and afforestation that could be tied to a series of development initiatives,re-demarcation of boundaries,changes in management and recurring evictions.Overall,the results lead to the conclusion that the lack of sustainable and efficient management and funding has fostered the rate of deforestation and accelerated ecological degradation in the region,but that existing problems are also rooted in the land tenure history of the region.We recommend the proper implementation of participatory and long-term management approaches on the ground and to address the land rights issue to contribute to both socioeconomic wellbeing and sustainable conservation outcomes.展开更多
Background Clostridium butyricum(CB)is a probiotic that can regulate intestinal microbial composition and improve meat quality.Rumen protected fat(RPF)has been shown to increase the dietary energy density and provide ...Background Clostridium butyricum(CB)is a probiotic that can regulate intestinal microbial composition and improve meat quality.Rumen protected fat(RPF)has been shown to increase the dietary energy density and provide essential fatty acids.However,it is still unknown whether dietary supplementation with CB and RPF exerts beneficial effects on growth performance and nutritional value of goat meat.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary CB and RPF supplementation on growth performance,meat quality,oxidative stability,and meat nutritional value of finishing goats.Thirty-two goats(initial body weight,20.5±0.82 kg)were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 RPF supplementation(0 vs.30 g/d)×2 CB supplementation(0 vs.1.0 g/d)factorial treatment arrangement.The experiment included a 14-d adaptation and 70-d data and sample collection period.The goats were fed a diet consisted of 400 g/kg peanut seedling and 600 g/kg corn-based concentrate(dry matter basis).Result Interaction between CB and RPF was rarely observed on the variables measured,except that shear force was reduced(P<0.05)by adding CB or RPF alone or their combination;the increased intramuscular fat(IMF)content with adding RPF was more pronounced(P<0.05)with CB than without CB addition.The pH24h(P=0.009),a*values(P=0.007),total antioxidant capacity(P=0.050),glutathione peroxidase activities(P=0.006),concentrations of 18:3(P<0.001),20:5(P=0.003)and total polyunsaturated fatty acids(P=0.048)were increased,whereas the L*values(P<0.001),shear force(P=0.050)and malondialdehyde content(P=0.044)were decreased by adding CB.Furthermore,CB supplementation increased essential amino acid(P=0.027),flavor amino acid(P=0.010)and total amino acid contents(P=0.024)as well as upregulated the expression of lipoprotein lipase(P=0.034)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)(P=0.012),and downregulated the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)(P=0.034).The RPF supplementation increased dry matter intake(P=0.005),averaged daily gain(trend,P=0.058),hot carcass weight(P=0.046),backfat thickness(P=0.006),concentrations of 16:0(P<0.001)and c9-18:1(P=0.002),and decreased the shear force(P<0.001),isoleucine(P=0.049)and lysine content(P=0.003)of meat.In addition,the expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(P=0.003),fatty acid synthase(P=0.038),SCD(P<0.001)and PPARγ(P=0.022)were upregulated due to RPF supplementation,resulting in higher(P<0.001)content of IMF.Conclusions CB and RPF could be fed to goats for improving the growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality,and promote fat deposition by upregulating the expression of lipogenic genes of Longissimus thoracis muscle.展开更多
Designation of critical habitat is an important conservation tool for species listed as threatened or endangered under the United States(U.S.)Endangered Species Act(ESA).While this is an important protective mechanism...Designation of critical habitat is an important conservation tool for species listed as threatened or endangered under the United States(U.S.)Endangered Species Act(ESA).While this is an important protective mechanism,lands designated as critical habitat could still be subject to degradation and fragmentation if they are not also in a protected status that prioritizes biodiversity conservation.Additionally,most designations of critical habitat do not explicitly take climate change into account.The objective of our study was to determine whether and to what extent critical habitats for species listed under the ESA are located within protected areas and areas previously identified as climate refugia or climate corridors,to inform management strategies to better conserve and recover these species.We mapped the designated critical habitats of 153 ESA-listed species and measured their overlap with previously-identified areas of climate refugia and corridors(CRC),and also with lands designated as nature-protected by U.S.Geological Survey’s Gap Analysis Project(GAP Status 1 or 2)and working lands with wildlife habitat potential(GAP Status 3).Only 18%of all designated critical habitat is located on lands that are both in CRC and nature-protected,and only 9%of species had over half of their designated critical habitats in such lands.84%of species had<25%overlap of their critical habitats with these areas.Critical habitats may therefore not fulfill their essential role of helping imperiled species persist and recover.展开更多
Population growth, food security, conservation of wildlife, and ecosystem services are topics of huge concern in underdeveloped areas where people rely on what land and sea can provide to support their survival needs....Population growth, food security, conservation of wildlife, and ecosystem services are topics of huge concern in underdeveloped areas where people rely on what land and sea can provide to support their survival needs. In the North of Mozambique, the reality is not different from other parts of Africa. Despite the natural patrimony of extraordinary landscapes and wildlife and the diversity of cultural heritage, human populations are impoverished, and natural resources are overexploited. Here, the authors present a conceptual proposal for a chain of land and marine protected areas that encompasses not only the Rovuma estuary, but all the islands that belong to the Quirimbas archipelago and part of the coastal zone until Pemba Bay. In this study, this is considered a fundamental action for the recovery of damaged areas, maintenance of ecosystem services, sustainable development of the region, and preservation of several potential biodiversity hotspots. For the proposal’s idealization, satellite images were analyzed, and the results of fieldwork and published literature were explored. This chain of areas includes existing protected areas, such as the Quirimbas National Park and the protected area on Vamizi island, and a proposed but currently unestablished area—the Messalo wilderness area. A need for multisectoral involvement in a bottom-up approach is recognized for the management cycle of protected areas in Mozambique.展开更多
The study introduced protected agriculture development in Qinghai province and concluded its development scale, type and structure, as well as technology supports. Besides, existing problems were proposed such as lowe...The study introduced protected agriculture development in Qinghai province and concluded its development scale, type and structure, as well as technology supports. Besides, existing problems were proposed such as lower production-level, poor equipment, fewer specialized bases, and countermeasures include the following： leading protected agriculture development by macro-control; strengthening market supervision; improving scientific research and innovation to help S ＆ T achievement transformation.展开更多
The development of Chinese agriculture is now facing the grim situation of decreasing farmland area, increasing population and social demands, so the devel- opment of protected horticulture becomes necessary to solve ...The development of Chinese agriculture is now facing the grim situation of decreasing farmland area, increasing population and social demands, so the devel- opment of protected horticulture becomes necessary to solve the issue. This paper reviewed the characteristics of traditional horticulture films and application prospects of new functional films.展开更多
Protected vegetable production made the traditional agriculture gradually get rid of the shackles of nature, broke the seasonal traditional agriculture and realized the anti season list of agricultural products. While...Protected vegetable production made the traditional agriculture gradually get rid of the shackles of nature, broke the seasonal traditional agriculture and realized the anti season list of agricultural products. While protected vegetables often encountered sudden disasters in production and were restricted with the conditions of low temperature and weak light. Aimed at the sudden disasters of protected vegetable production in Hebei Province,the countermeasures for disaster prevention and control were put forward from the aspects of variety selection, seedling treatment technology,grafting technique,cultivation and management,flower and fruit retention technology,application of exogenous substance,rational fertilization,transgenic technology and so on,in order to reduce production risks and cut loss,realize that protected vegetable production is safe,good-quality and efficient.展开更多
In order to study the difference between cauliflower varieties with ball well protected and unprotected in terms of pesticide residue and its causes, Jinpin 70, a new male sterile cauliflower variety with ball well pr...In order to study the difference between cauliflower varieties with ball well protected and unprotected in terms of pesticide residue and its causes, Jinpin 70, a new male sterile cauliflower variety with ball well protected, and Xuebao with ball unprotected were sprayed with high-toxic pesticide phorate and efficient bio-pesticide emamectin benzoate at a regular dose to investigate the impact of different cauliflower varieties on the pesticide residue. The results showed that from the 3rd to the 5th day after spraying, phorate and emamectin benzoate residues in Jinpin 70 with ball well protected reduced by 76.47%-87.65% and 67.86%-80.82% re- spectively compared with Xubao, and decreased by 9.23%-81.82% and 57.14%- 79.84% respectively compared with Jinpin 70 with ball unprotected. The results above demonstrates that inner leaves of cauliflower with ball well protected can prevent the ball from being polluted by phorate and emamectin benzoate, thereby improving its edible safety.展开更多
Protected horticulture makes use of related facilities, engineering technolo- gy and management technologies to create or improve local environment in order to provide optimal environment concerning controllable tempe...Protected horticulture makes use of related facilities, engineering technolo- gy and management technologies to create or improve local environment in order to provide optimal environment concerning controllable temperature, humidity, and light for farming and breeding industry, as well as product storage. Protected horticulture is independent to some extent, instead of relying greatly on nature, targeting full use of soil, climate and biological potential. The research concluded production characteristics of protected horticulture and analyzed the application of protected hor- ticulture intelligent monitoring system in protected greenhouse cultivation. In addition, the future development was proposed on protected horticulture intelligent monitoring system.展开更多
Under the catalysis of dioxygenase L-arginine is converted to L-citrulline and nitric oxide,the latter exhibits endothelium derived relaxing factor(EDRF)-like actions.N^G-nitro-L-arginine has an inhibitory effect on t...Under the catalysis of dioxygenase L-arginine is converted to L-citrulline and nitric oxide,the latter exhibits endothelium derived relaxing factor(EDRF)-like actions.N^G-nitro-L-arginine has an inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of EDRF in vitro and in vivo,hence it is an EDRF antagonist.The results of the present work indicate that both N^G-NO_2-L-Arg-OH and HCl·N^G-NO_2-L- Arg-OCH_3 have vasodilating effect in vitro,but produced dose-depending increase in mean arterial blood pressure(MAP)in vivo.In vitro HCl·N_G-NO_2-L-Arg-N_G-NO_2-L-Arg-OCH_3 relaxed rat aortic strip pretreated with noradrenaline(NE).In vivo,however,it produced biphasic effect,i.e,decreased MAP at lower dose and increases MAP at higher dose, N_G-Tos-L-Arg-N_G-Tos-L-Arg-OH produced dose-depending vasodilating and hypotensive actions.展开更多
Based on nonlinearity contact theory and the geological structure of the Xieqiao Coal Mine in the newly developed Huainan coal field,rock movements,mining fissures and deformation of overlying strata were simulated by...Based on nonlinearity contact theory and the geological structure of the Xieqiao Coal Mine in the newly developed Huainan coal field,rock movements,mining fissures and deformation of overlying strata were simulated by using the interface unit of FLAC3D to evaluate the pressure-relief gas drainage in the exploitation of super-remote protected seams.The simulation indicates that the height of the water flowing fractured zone is 54 m in the overlying strata above the protective layer.The maximum relative swelling deformation of the C13 coal seam is 0.232%,while the mining height is 3.0 m and the distance from the B8 roof to the C13 floor is 129 m,which provides good agreement with a similar experiment and in situ results.The feasibility of exploitation of a super-remote protective coal seam and the performance of the pressure-relief gas drainage in a super-remote protected layer are evaluated by comparisons with practice projects.It demonstrates that the relieved gas in the super-remote protected layers could be better drained and it is feasible to exploit the B8 coal seam before the C13 super-remote protected coal seam.The method is applicable for the study of rock movements,mining fissures and deformation of the overburden,using the interface unit to analyze the contact problems in coal mines.展开更多
Aim To synthesize protected aminoalkyl sulfinyl dilactones which were useful as the synthetic intermediates or the Cterminal pharmacophores of potential peptidomimetic proteasome inhibitors. Methods Organic reactions ...Aim To synthesize protected aminoalkyl sulfinyl dilactones which were useful as the synthetic intermediates or the Cterminal pharmacophores of potential peptidomimetic proteasome inhibitors. Methods Organic reactions such as reduction, oxidation, olcfmation, and dihydroxylation were used. Results A convenient synthetic procedure to afford a series of aminoalkyl sulfinyl.dilactones was presented, which would be useful in the synthesis of five- or six-member sulfmyl dilactones. Conclusion Four aminoalkyl sulfmyl dilactones connecting different α-amino acids were synthesized.展开更多
Establishment of Protected Areas （PAs）, in the face of rapid deforestation, forest degradation and climate change has been one of the key efforts in conservation of biodiversity worldwide in recent times. While Bang...Establishment of Protected Areas （PAs）, in the face of rapid deforestation, forest degradation and climate change has been one of the key efforts in conservation of biodiversity worldwide in recent times. While Bangladesh has gained a degree of prominence in the world for its successful social forestry programs, the concept of collaborative pro- tected area management is rather new in the country, initiated in 2004 by the Bangladesh Forest Department in five PAs with financial assistance from USAID. Based on empirical evidence from three of the pilot PAs, we examined the achievements and associated challenges and prospects for co-management. Our fieldwork revealed a number of challenges faced by co-management institutions： （1） institutions were dominated by the elite group, overshadowing the voice of the community people; （2） mutual trust and collective performance are key to good governance but had not taken root in the PAs; （3） encroachment onto forest land and subsequent conversion to agriculture remained a serious problem that discouraged forest-dependent people from participating actively in co-management initiatives; （4） legal provisions （including acts, rules and policies） were not clearly and adequately disseminated and understood at the community level; （5） there remained a degree of ambiguity regarding the roles and responsibilities of forest department （FD） and co-management committees （CMC） in field operations, and this was not enhancing transparency and accountability of the overall initiative; （6） the long-term sustainability of co-management institutions was another major concern, as the local intuitional structure was still in a nascent stage, and provisioning of resources （either internally or externally） remained somewhat uncertain. We offer recommendations for improve- ment.展开更多
The article presents research findings related to recreational use of forests located in protected mountainous areas with forestage of over 80%. The study was designed to identify recreational potential of the Carpath...The article presents research findings related to recreational use of forests located in protected mountainous areas with forestage of over 80%. The study was designed to identify recreational potential of the Carpathian national parks （Bieszczady National Park, Bahia G6ra National Park, Goree National Park and Magura National Park; southern Poland） and to compare these findings with the actual number of visitors. The information received on the recreational potential of parks is important from the point of view of protection of natural resources and the financial situation of the parks. The calculated ratio may be an effective tool of management for park administration, that allows to reconcile statutory social and protective functions of national parks. The study determined the recreational potential of the forests with the use of recreational valorisation method designed for areas with varied terrain, and the evaluated factors included the stands of trees with their habitat and land relief. The permissible number of national park visitors, expressed as man- hour/ha/year ranges from 19.31 in Bieszczady National Park （BG： 19~ 35＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N） to 32.06 in in Bieszczady National Park （B： 22~ 40＇ E, 49~ lo＇ N）. In 3 out of 4 investigated parks, Magura National Park （M： 21025＇ E, 49~ 30＇ N）, Gorce National Park （G： 20~ lo＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N）, B） recreation carrying capacity was not exceeded, whether or not the strictly protected area is taken into account. Only in BG was the recreation carrying capacity exceeded by nearly 24%, or by 85% if the strictly protected area isexcluded from tourism-related exploitation. The presented procedure for monitoring access to mountain forests in national parks, from the viewpoint of natural resources conservation, can be applied in other mountainous areas covered with forests and exposed to tourist and recreational traffic, and in forests facing particular risk of recreational damage, e.g. in urban and suburban forests growing in areas with varied orography.展开更多
Protected areas(PAs) have experienced explosive growth in Northwest China over the last three decades, but their effectiveness in representing regional ecological system diversity has not attracted considerable attent...Protected areas(PAs) have experienced explosive growth in Northwest China over the last three decades, but their effectiveness in representing regional ecological system diversity has not attracted considerable attention. Low effectiveness would exacerbate the conservation-development conflicts, particularly those that arise as a result of the Great Western Development Strategy(GWDS). Thus, an assessment of the effectiveness of the PA network has become quite important. We proposed natural vegetation communities to represent regional ecological system diversities, and proposed Global 200 Priority Ecoregions, Important Bird Areas, and ecosystem function regions to represent important conservation areas. To determine their effectiveness, we studied the extent to which ecological system diversities and important conservation areas are represented by the existing 96 PAs. Our results indicated that the total coverage of vegetation communities in PAs in Northwest China is not sufficiently comprehensive. As the PA system has expanded, the growth in the total area of the PAs has been greater than that of their vegetation community richness. While most of the important conservation areas are covered by PAs, some regions have not yet reached the 10% threshold; further, PAs are distributed unevenly and conservation gaps remain in the region. Therefore, these regions should receive more attention when planning new PAs. It is vital that more biodiversity datasets and assessment of ecosystem function regions are integrated in order to provide a basis for the government to formulate appropriate protection and development strategies.展开更多
This investigation included two experiments. Experiment 1 was executed to study the effect of feeding different rations of protected protein of canola meal on digestibility and nutritive values within sheep. Twenty ma...This investigation included two experiments. Experiment 1 was executed to study the effect of feeding different rations of protected protein of canola meal on digestibility and nutritive values within sheep. Twenty male, healthy sheep were divided into five treatments according to the methods of protein protection (control, heat, sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde, and acetic acid treatments). Experiment 2 was carried out on developing lambs to investigate the effect of protected protein on growth performance and some blood metabolites. Animals in this ex-periment were also divided into the same treatments as Experiment 1. Animals in the first and second experiment were fed concentrate ration (80%) and wheat straw (20%) to cover the feed requirements. Nutritive values expressed as total digestible nutrients (TDN %) and digestible crude protein (DCP%) of the experimental rations was calculated. In the second experimental all animals were weighed biweekly and the amounts of rations were adjusted throughout the experimental period (120 days) according to their body weight change. Results indicated that in the first experimental protected protein by heat (HE) and sodium hydroxide (NH) had positive (P<0.05) effects on most of digestibility coefficients of different nutrients. Protein protection methods also improved (P<0.05) the nutritive values (TDN and DCP) in the HE treatment and NH treatment. In the second experiment body weight increased by 14% and 7% and also daily gain by 27% and14 % in HE and NH, respectively, while FM and AC decreased body weight by 8% and 4.4%. Higher values (P<0.01) in both thyroid hormones were observed in HE and NH than those other treatments. Also, higher values (P<0.01) of total protein, albumin, and glucose were observed in HE and NH than other treatments. The control (CTL) group recorded higher concentrations of urea-N and creatinine at different periods of the experiment in comparison with other treatments. Generally, from the present investigation it can be concluded that protected protein of canola meal by heat or sodium hydroxide treatments were more efficient for productive performance and some blood metabolites of sheep.展开更多
Wetland is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the earth. The main purpose of establishing wetland protected area is to protect biodiversity, and the protection of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity is t...Wetland is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the earth. The main purpose of establishing wetland protected area is to protect biodiversity, and the protection of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity is the key to protect biodiversity. In order to protect regional ecosystem and landscape, it is a good way to establish wetland comprehensive protected area which connected wetland nature reserves by habitat corridors. The Sanjiang Plain as a study area, its landscape evaluation index system on wetland protected area was studied, and some problems on landscape planning and ecology construction were further approached in this paper.It showed that establishing wetland comprehensive protected area is very important to protect regional wetlands, to maintain ecological balance, and to improve the sustainable development of agriculture and industry in this region.展开更多
Against a background of continuing loss of biodiversity, it is argued that for the successful conservation of threatened plant species we need to ensure the more effective integration of the various conservation actio...Against a background of continuing loss of biodiversity, it is argued that for the successful conservation of threatened plant species we need to ensure the more effective integration of the various conservation actions employed, clarify the wording of the CBD targets and provide clearer operational guidance as to how they are to be implemented and their implementation monitored. The role and effectiveness of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and in particular plant species in situ are discussed as are recent proposals for a massive increase of their extent. The need for much greater effort and investment in the conservation or protection of threatened species outside protected areas where most plant diversity occurs is highlighted. The difficulties involved in implementing effective in situ conservation of plant diversity both at an area-and species/population-based level are discussed. The widespread neglect of species recovery for plants is noted and the desirability of making a clearer distinction between species recovery and reintroduction is emphasized. Key messages from a global overview of species recovery are outlined and recommendations made, including the desirability of each country preparing a national species recovery strategy. The projected impacts of global change on protected areas and on species conservation and recovery, and ways of addressing them are discussed.展开更多
文摘Two protected sites located on the outskirts of the Sena Oura National Park (PNSO) in West Mayo-Kebbi cover an area of 1800 m2 is pattern choose in pastoral enclave in both village. This study was undertaken to highlight the floristic diversity of the herbaceous and woody vegetation on these sites in the offing to know the ability of charge into UBT that most support the park peripheral. It took place on two experimental sites on a natural course in two villages: Wazetelan and Massang. The approach used for the study was a survey using the systematic sampling method and a 30 m × 30 m plot. The survey consisted in listing all the taxa in a floristically homogeneous plot, each assigned the Braun-Blanquet dominance abundance coefficient. These surveys revealed a floristic richness of 73 species, 58 genera, including 46 herbaceous and 26 woody species. The Shannon result gives H1' = 0.12 bit for herbaceous species and H2' = 0.44 bit for woody species, meaning that the herbaceous and woody populations of all the surveys have a very low species diversity, as H' < 3 according to the Shannon index assessment threshold. Herbaceous species are divided into 13 families and 33 genera. The most represented families are Fabaceae (27.3%) and Poaceae (21.9%). Most of the other families (1.3%) have only one species, if any. Herbaceous species are divided into 33 genera grouped into 13 families. The most represented families are Fabaces (16 species), 34%, and Poaceae (12 species), 26%. The 26 woody species, most of which come from itinerant surveys, are distributed across 24 genera and 12 families, the most important of which is Fabaceae with 09 species (34.6%). This floristic assessment, in terms of quantity and quality, has enabled us to estimate the carrying capacity of the two pastoral enclaves in Dari and Goumadji cantons, and to guide the government’s actions with regard to rangeland management.
基金The financial support by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU)
文摘Deforestation remains one of the most imminent threats to biodiversity in the tropics.As such,its causes and dynamics need to be studied and understood to put a halt to further forest loss and degradation.In tropical countries such as Uganda,agricultural expansion and wood fuel demand are its leading drivers.While the establishment of protected areas is a key tool in conserving remaining forest biodiversity,results indicate that current management does not sufficiently provide alternatives to forest resources utilised by households and income provided from timber and non-timber forest products.Beyond safeguarding ecosystems,protected areas need to ensure the sustainable socioeconomic development of adjacent communities for effective biodiversity conservation–however,both management and research often neglect to consider all dimensions.In this study,we analysed five decades of forest cover change in the Mount Elgon region,Uganda,by conducting a remote sensing analysis of its protected areas using Landsat MSS and TM data from 1973-2023 in combination with literature and subsequent interview analysis to consider both the ecological and socioeconomic dimension.We applied a random forest approach to differentiate forest and non-forest areas and carried out a pixel-based change detection analysis to differentiate temporal and spatial changes.Throughout the study period of 50 years,forest cover has evolved dynamically within the boundaries of the protected areas of Mount Elgon.A significant decline was observed in both Mount Elgon National Park with a loss of-5.98%(-46.83km²)and Mount Elgon Biosphere Reserve with a loss of-14.96%(-134.33km²).Our results showcase a cycle of deforestation and afforestation that could be tied to a series of development initiatives,re-demarcation of boundaries,changes in management and recurring evictions.Overall,the results lead to the conclusion that the lack of sustainable and efficient management and funding has fostered the rate of deforestation and accelerated ecological degradation in the region,but that existing problems are also rooted in the land tenure history of the region.We recommend the proper implementation of participatory and long-term management approaches on the ground and to address the land rights issue to contribute to both socioeconomic wellbeing and sustainable conservation outcomes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1301105)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-36)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2021C018)the Postdoctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Z21100)the Open Project Program of International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement(IJRLD-KF202204).
文摘Background Clostridium butyricum(CB)is a probiotic that can regulate intestinal microbial composition and improve meat quality.Rumen protected fat(RPF)has been shown to increase the dietary energy density and provide essential fatty acids.However,it is still unknown whether dietary supplementation with CB and RPF exerts beneficial effects on growth performance and nutritional value of goat meat.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary CB and RPF supplementation on growth performance,meat quality,oxidative stability,and meat nutritional value of finishing goats.Thirty-two goats(initial body weight,20.5±0.82 kg)were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 RPF supplementation(0 vs.30 g/d)×2 CB supplementation(0 vs.1.0 g/d)factorial treatment arrangement.The experiment included a 14-d adaptation and 70-d data and sample collection period.The goats were fed a diet consisted of 400 g/kg peanut seedling and 600 g/kg corn-based concentrate(dry matter basis).Result Interaction between CB and RPF was rarely observed on the variables measured,except that shear force was reduced(P<0.05)by adding CB or RPF alone or their combination;the increased intramuscular fat(IMF)content with adding RPF was more pronounced(P<0.05)with CB than without CB addition.The pH24h(P=0.009),a*values(P=0.007),total antioxidant capacity(P=0.050),glutathione peroxidase activities(P=0.006),concentrations of 18:3(P<0.001),20:5(P=0.003)and total polyunsaturated fatty acids(P=0.048)were increased,whereas the L*values(P<0.001),shear force(P=0.050)and malondialdehyde content(P=0.044)were decreased by adding CB.Furthermore,CB supplementation increased essential amino acid(P=0.027),flavor amino acid(P=0.010)and total amino acid contents(P=0.024)as well as upregulated the expression of lipoprotein lipase(P=0.034)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ)(P=0.012),and downregulated the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)(P=0.034).The RPF supplementation increased dry matter intake(P=0.005),averaged daily gain(trend,P=0.058),hot carcass weight(P=0.046),backfat thickness(P=0.006),concentrations of 16:0(P<0.001)and c9-18:1(P=0.002),and decreased the shear force(P<0.001),isoleucine(P=0.049)and lysine content(P=0.003)of meat.In addition,the expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase(P=0.003),fatty acid synthase(P=0.038),SCD(P<0.001)and PPARγ(P=0.022)were upregulated due to RPF supplementation,resulting in higher(P<0.001)content of IMF.Conclusions CB and RPF could be fed to goats for improving the growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality,and promote fat deposition by upregulating the expression of lipogenic genes of Longissimus thoracis muscle.
文摘Designation of critical habitat is an important conservation tool for species listed as threatened or endangered under the United States(U.S.)Endangered Species Act(ESA).While this is an important protective mechanism,lands designated as critical habitat could still be subject to degradation and fragmentation if they are not also in a protected status that prioritizes biodiversity conservation.Additionally,most designations of critical habitat do not explicitly take climate change into account.The objective of our study was to determine whether and to what extent critical habitats for species listed under the ESA are located within protected areas and areas previously identified as climate refugia or climate corridors,to inform management strategies to better conserve and recover these species.We mapped the designated critical habitats of 153 ESA-listed species and measured their overlap with previously-identified areas of climate refugia and corridors(CRC),and also with lands designated as nature-protected by U.S.Geological Survey’s Gap Analysis Project(GAP Status 1 or 2)and working lands with wildlife habitat potential(GAP Status 3).Only 18%of all designated critical habitat is located on lands that are both in CRC and nature-protected,and only 9%of species had over half of their designated critical habitats in such lands.84%of species had<25%overlap of their critical habitats with these areas.Critical habitats may therefore not fulfill their essential role of helping imperiled species persist and recover.
文摘Population growth, food security, conservation of wildlife, and ecosystem services are topics of huge concern in underdeveloped areas where people rely on what land and sea can provide to support their survival needs. In the North of Mozambique, the reality is not different from other parts of Africa. Despite the natural patrimony of extraordinary landscapes and wildlife and the diversity of cultural heritage, human populations are impoverished, and natural resources are overexploited. Here, the authors present a conceptual proposal for a chain of land and marine protected areas that encompasses not only the Rovuma estuary, but all the islands that belong to the Quirimbas archipelago and part of the coastal zone until Pemba Bay. In this study, this is considered a fundamental action for the recovery of damaged areas, maintenance of ecosystem services, sustainable development of the region, and preservation of several potential biodiversity hotspots. For the proposal’s idealization, satellite images were analyzed, and the results of fieldwork and published literature were explored. This chain of areas includes existing protected areas, such as the Quirimbas National Park and the protected area on Vamizi island, and a proposed but currently unestablished area—the Messalo wilderness area. A need for multisectoral involvement in a bottom-up approach is recognized for the management cycle of protected areas in Mozambique.
文摘The study introduced protected agriculture development in Qinghai province and concluded its development scale, type and structure, as well as technology supports. Besides, existing problems were proposed such as lower production-level, poor equipment, fewer specialized bases, and countermeasures include the following： leading protected agriculture development by macro-control; strengthening market supervision; improving scientific research and innovation to help S ＆ T achievement transformation.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[CX(13)3032]Jiangsu Six Category Outstanding Talent(NY-031)Nanjing Innovation Fund for Small and Mediumsized Technology-based Firms(2013074)~~
文摘The development of Chinese agriculture is now facing the grim situation of decreasing farmland area, increasing population and social demands, so the devel- opment of protected horticulture becomes necessary to solve the issue. This paper reviewed the characteristics of traditional horticulture films and application prospects of new functional films.
文摘Protected vegetable production made the traditional agriculture gradually get rid of the shackles of nature, broke the seasonal traditional agriculture and realized the anti season list of agricultural products. While protected vegetables often encountered sudden disasters in production and were restricted with the conditions of low temperature and weak light. Aimed at the sudden disasters of protected vegetable production in Hebei Province,the countermeasures for disaster prevention and control were put forward from the aspects of variety selection, seedling treatment technology,grafting technique,cultivation and management,flower and fruit retention technology,application of exogenous substance,rational fertilization,transgenic technology and so on,in order to reduce production risks and cut loss,realize that protected vegetable production is safe,good-quality and efficient.
基金Supported by the Technology System Project of National Vegetable Industry(CARS-25-A-13)Science and Technology Planning Project of Tianjin City(12ZCDZNC03600)Major Science and Technology Engineering Project of Tianjin City(12ZCDZNC03500)~~
文摘In order to study the difference between cauliflower varieties with ball well protected and unprotected in terms of pesticide residue and its causes, Jinpin 70, a new male sterile cauliflower variety with ball well protected, and Xuebao with ball unprotected were sprayed with high-toxic pesticide phorate and efficient bio-pesticide emamectin benzoate at a regular dose to investigate the impact of different cauliflower varieties on the pesticide residue. The results showed that from the 3rd to the 5th day after spraying, phorate and emamectin benzoate residues in Jinpin 70 with ball well protected reduced by 76.47%-87.65% and 67.86%-80.82% re- spectively compared with Xubao, and decreased by 9.23%-81.82% and 57.14%- 79.84% respectively compared with Jinpin 70 with ball unprotected. The results above demonstrates that inner leaves of cauliflower with ball well protected can prevent the ball from being polluted by phorate and emamectin benzoate, thereby improving its edible safety.
文摘Protected horticulture makes use of related facilities, engineering technolo- gy and management technologies to create or improve local environment in order to provide optimal environment concerning controllable temperature, humidity, and light for farming and breeding industry, as well as product storage. Protected horticulture is independent to some extent, instead of relying greatly on nature, targeting full use of soil, climate and biological potential. The research concluded production characteristics of protected horticulture and analyzed the application of protected hor- ticulture intelligent monitoring system in protected greenhouse cultivation. In addition, the future development was proposed on protected horticulture intelligent monitoring system.
基金This project was supported by the Natural Sciences Foundation of Beijing.
文摘Under the catalysis of dioxygenase L-arginine is converted to L-citrulline and nitric oxide,the latter exhibits endothelium derived relaxing factor(EDRF)-like actions.N^G-nitro-L-arginine has an inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of EDRF in vitro and in vivo,hence it is an EDRF antagonist.The results of the present work indicate that both N^G-NO_2-L-Arg-OH and HCl·N^G-NO_2-L- Arg-OCH_3 have vasodilating effect in vitro,but produced dose-depending increase in mean arterial blood pressure(MAP)in vivo.In vitro HCl·N_G-NO_2-L-Arg-N_G-NO_2-L-Arg-OCH_3 relaxed rat aortic strip pretreated with noradrenaline(NE).In vivo,however,it produced biphasic effect,i.e,decreased MAP at lower dose and increases MAP at higher dose, N_G-Tos-L-Arg-N_G-Tos-L-Arg-OH produced dose-depending vasodilating and hypotensive actions.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2005CB221503)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.70533050)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50674089) for their support
文摘Based on nonlinearity contact theory and the geological structure of the Xieqiao Coal Mine in the newly developed Huainan coal field,rock movements,mining fissures and deformation of overlying strata were simulated by using the interface unit of FLAC3D to evaluate the pressure-relief gas drainage in the exploitation of super-remote protected seams.The simulation indicates that the height of the water flowing fractured zone is 54 m in the overlying strata above the protective layer.The maximum relative swelling deformation of the C13 coal seam is 0.232%,while the mining height is 3.0 m and the distance from the B8 roof to the C13 floor is 129 m,which provides good agreement with a similar experiment and in situ results.The feasibility of exploitation of a super-remote protective coal seam and the performance of the pressure-relief gas drainage in a super-remote protected layer are evaluated by comparisons with practice projects.It demonstrates that the relieved gas in the super-remote protected layers could be better drained and it is feasible to exploit the B8 coal seam before the C13 super-remote protected coal seam.The method is applicable for the study of rock movements,mining fissures and deformation of the overburden,using the interface unit to analyze the contact problems in coal mines.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(20572006)985 Program,Ministry of Education of China
文摘Aim To synthesize protected aminoalkyl sulfinyl dilactones which were useful as the synthetic intermediates or the Cterminal pharmacophores of potential peptidomimetic proteasome inhibitors. Methods Organic reactions such as reduction, oxidation, olcfmation, and dihydroxylation were used. Results A convenient synthetic procedure to afford a series of aminoalkyl sulfinyl.dilactones was presented, which would be useful in the synthesis of five- or six-member sulfmyl dilactones. Conclusion Four aminoalkyl sulfmyl dilactones connecting different α-amino acids were synthesized.
文摘Establishment of Protected Areas （PAs）, in the face of rapid deforestation, forest degradation and climate change has been one of the key efforts in conservation of biodiversity worldwide in recent times. While Bangladesh has gained a degree of prominence in the world for its successful social forestry programs, the concept of collaborative pro- tected area management is rather new in the country, initiated in 2004 by the Bangladesh Forest Department in five PAs with financial assistance from USAID. Based on empirical evidence from three of the pilot PAs, we examined the achievements and associated challenges and prospects for co-management. Our fieldwork revealed a number of challenges faced by co-management institutions： （1） institutions were dominated by the elite group, overshadowing the voice of the community people; （2） mutual trust and collective performance are key to good governance but had not taken root in the PAs; （3） encroachment onto forest land and subsequent conversion to agriculture remained a serious problem that discouraged forest-dependent people from participating actively in co-management initiatives; （4） legal provisions （including acts, rules and policies） were not clearly and adequately disseminated and understood at the community level; （5） there remained a degree of ambiguity regarding the roles and responsibilities of forest department （FD） and co-management committees （CMC） in field operations, and this was not enhancing transparency and accountability of the overall initiative; （6） the long-term sustainability of co-management institutions was another major concern, as the local intuitional structure was still in a nascent stage, and provisioning of resources （either internally or externally） remained somewhat uncertain. We offer recommendations for improve- ment.
文摘The article presents research findings related to recreational use of forests located in protected mountainous areas with forestage of over 80%. The study was designed to identify recreational potential of the Carpathian national parks （Bieszczady National Park, Bahia G6ra National Park, Goree National Park and Magura National Park; southern Poland） and to compare these findings with the actual number of visitors. The information received on the recreational potential of parks is important from the point of view of protection of natural resources and the financial situation of the parks. The calculated ratio may be an effective tool of management for park administration, that allows to reconcile statutory social and protective functions of national parks. The study determined the recreational potential of the forests with the use of recreational valorisation method designed for areas with varied terrain, and the evaluated factors included the stands of trees with their habitat and land relief. The permissible number of national park visitors, expressed as man- hour/ha/year ranges from 19.31 in Bieszczady National Park （BG： 19~ 35＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N） to 32.06 in in Bieszczady National Park （B： 22~ 40＇ E, 49~ lo＇ N）. In 3 out of 4 investigated parks, Magura National Park （M： 21025＇ E, 49~ 30＇ N）, Gorce National Park （G： 20~ lo＇ E, 49~ 35＇ N）, B） recreation carrying capacity was not exceeded, whether or not the strictly protected area is taken into account. Only in BG was the recreation carrying capacity exceeded by nearly 24%, or by 85% if the strictly protected area isexcluded from tourism-related exploitation. The presented procedure for monitoring access to mountain forests in national parks, from the viewpoint of natural resources conservation, can be applied in other mountainous areas covered with forests and exposed to tourist and recreational traffic, and in forests facing particular risk of recreational damage, e.g. in urban and suburban forests growing in areas with varied orography.
基金Under the auspices of National Science&Technology Pillar Program During the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period(No.2011BAC09B08)
文摘Protected areas(PAs) have experienced explosive growth in Northwest China over the last three decades, but their effectiveness in representing regional ecological system diversity has not attracted considerable attention. Low effectiveness would exacerbate the conservation-development conflicts, particularly those that arise as a result of the Great Western Development Strategy(GWDS). Thus, an assessment of the effectiveness of the PA network has become quite important. We proposed natural vegetation communities to represent regional ecological system diversities, and proposed Global 200 Priority Ecoregions, Important Bird Areas, and ecosystem function regions to represent important conservation areas. To determine their effectiveness, we studied the extent to which ecological system diversities and important conservation areas are represented by the existing 96 PAs. Our results indicated that the total coverage of vegetation communities in PAs in Northwest China is not sufficiently comprehensive. As the PA system has expanded, the growth in the total area of the PAs has been greater than that of their vegetation community richness. While most of the important conservation areas are covered by PAs, some regions have not yet reached the 10% threshold; further, PAs are distributed unevenly and conservation gaps remain in the region. Therefore, these regions should receive more attention when planning new PAs. It is vital that more biodiversity datasets and assessment of ecosystem function regions are integrated in order to provide a basis for the government to formulate appropriate protection and development strategies.
文摘This investigation included two experiments. Experiment 1 was executed to study the effect of feeding different rations of protected protein of canola meal on digestibility and nutritive values within sheep. Twenty male, healthy sheep were divided into five treatments according to the methods of protein protection (control, heat, sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde, and acetic acid treatments). Experiment 2 was carried out on developing lambs to investigate the effect of protected protein on growth performance and some blood metabolites. Animals in this ex-periment were also divided into the same treatments as Experiment 1. Animals in the first and second experiment were fed concentrate ration (80%) and wheat straw (20%) to cover the feed requirements. Nutritive values expressed as total digestible nutrients (TDN %) and digestible crude protein (DCP%) of the experimental rations was calculated. In the second experimental all animals were weighed biweekly and the amounts of rations were adjusted throughout the experimental period (120 days) according to their body weight change. Results indicated that in the first experimental protected protein by heat (HE) and sodium hydroxide (NH) had positive (P<0.05) effects on most of digestibility coefficients of different nutrients. Protein protection methods also improved (P<0.05) the nutritive values (TDN and DCP) in the HE treatment and NH treatment. In the second experiment body weight increased by 14% and 7% and also daily gain by 27% and14 % in HE and NH, respectively, while FM and AC decreased body weight by 8% and 4.4%. Higher values (P<0.01) in both thyroid hormones were observed in HE and NH than those other treatments. Also, higher values (P<0.01) of total protein, albumin, and glucose were observed in HE and NH than other treatments. The control (CTL) group recorded higher concentrations of urea-N and creatinine at different periods of the experiment in comparison with other treatments. Generally, from the present investigation it can be concluded that protected protein of canola meal by heat or sodium hydroxide treatments were more efficient for productive performance and some blood metabolites of sheep.
文摘Wetland is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the earth. The main purpose of establishing wetland protected area is to protect biodiversity, and the protection of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity is the key to protect biodiversity. In order to protect regional ecosystem and landscape, it is a good way to establish wetland comprehensive protected area which connected wetland nature reserves by habitat corridors. The Sanjiang Plain as a study area, its landscape evaluation index system on wetland protected area was studied, and some problems on landscape planning and ecology construction were further approached in this paper.It showed that establishing wetland comprehensive protected area is very important to protect regional wetlands, to maintain ecological balance, and to improve the sustainable development of agriculture and industry in this region.
文摘Against a background of continuing loss of biodiversity, it is argued that for the successful conservation of threatened plant species we need to ensure the more effective integration of the various conservation actions employed, clarify the wording of the CBD targets and provide clearer operational guidance as to how they are to be implemented and their implementation monitored. The role and effectiveness of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and in particular plant species in situ are discussed as are recent proposals for a massive increase of their extent. The need for much greater effort and investment in the conservation or protection of threatened species outside protected areas where most plant diversity occurs is highlighted. The difficulties involved in implementing effective in situ conservation of plant diversity both at an area-and species/population-based level are discussed. The widespread neglect of species recovery for plants is noted and the desirability of making a clearer distinction between species recovery and reintroduction is emphasized. Key messages from a global overview of species recovery are outlined and recommendations made, including the desirability of each country preparing a national species recovery strategy. The projected impacts of global change on protected areas and on species conservation and recovery, and ways of addressing them are discussed.
