In this paper, root-shoot relationships of seedlings of Manchurican ash (Fraxinus mandchurica) in pots is studied in green house. The results show that roots and shoots have the co-ordination of growth and roots and s...In this paper, root-shoot relationships of seedlings of Manchurican ash (Fraxinus mandchurica) in pots is studied in green house. The results show that roots and shoots have the co-ordination of growth and roots and shoots of ash have the same growth dynamics. There are very close relationships between toall root mass and total shoot mass, between fine root mass and leaf mass in this experiments. At the end growing season, ash root-shoot mass ratio and fine root-leaf mass ratio are 1 .85 and 2.01 respectively. These ratios are difference during growth season. There are larger roots than shoots on seedling stage. Low nitrogen and phosphorus produce higher root-shoot ratio, and high nutrient concentrations decrease the ratios.展开更多
The role of acetylcholine (ACh) on plant root- shoot communication was investigated using the root-split system of Vicia faba L. In the experiments, slight osmotic stress caused the decrease of ACh content in root tip...The role of acetylcholine (ACh) on plant root- shoot communication was investigated using the root-split system of Vicia faba L. In the experiments, slight osmotic stress caused the decrease of ACh content in root tips and the xylem sap transported up per time unit from root tip to the shoot when the water potential of the shoot was kept un-changed. It also caused the decrease of ACh content in the abaxial epidermis. The decrease was highly correlative to the changes of transpiration rate, suggesting that the decrease of ACh content probably functions as a signal to regulate stomatal behavior. The effect of osmotic stress might be mainly through the inhibition of the ACh synthesis in root tip; thus further influences the ACh content in root tip, xy-lem sap and abaxial epidermis and resulting in the changes of stomatal behavior. These results provide new evidence that plants transduce positive and negative signals among roots and shoots to coordinate stomatal behavior and adapt to variable environments.展开更多
黄淮海地区农业集约化和机械化发展导致土壤紧实问题日益加重,限制玉米产量的进一步提升。明确不同品种玉米根系和地上部生长对土壤紧实胁迫的差异性响应特征,可为该区玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。本研究选用3个玉米品种,采用机械碾压的...黄淮海地区农业集约化和机械化发展导致土壤紧实问题日益加重,限制玉米产量的进一步提升。明确不同品种玉米根系和地上部生长对土壤紧实胁迫的差异性响应特征,可为该区玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。本研究选用3个玉米品种,采用机械碾压的方法在同一田块模拟无紧实胁迫(NC:no compaction stress,容重1.0~1.3 g cm^(-3))、中度紧实胁迫(MC:moderate compaction stress,容重1.4~1.5 g cm^(-3))和重度紧实胁迫(HC:heavy compaction stress,容重>1.6 g cm^(-3))3个紧实程度处理,定量解析不同程度土壤紧实胁迫下不同品种玉米根冠生长各指标及产量的变化规律。结果表明,与NC相比,MC和HC处理导致玉米减产3.8%~10.3%和12.5%~33.3%。玉米根冠生长及产量形成对土壤紧实胁迫的响应存在基因型差异。MC处理下,DK517的根长、根干重及根冠比较ZD958和DH605分别提高6.0%和14.0%、15.7%和29.6%、18.8%和24.8%,但最大叶面积指数、植株总干物重和产量无显著差异;HC处理下,DK517的根长和根干重较ZD958和DH605分别提高8.4%和22.5%、29.6%和57.8%,且最大叶面积指数、植株总干物重和根冠比分别提高4.6%和15.5%、3.7%和20.9%、28.0%和32.1%,因此产量分别增加7.5%和27.2%。相关分析表明,土壤容重和贯穿阻力与玉米根冠生长各指标和产量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。综上所述,土壤紧实胁迫会显著抑制玉米根系和地上部生长而造成减产,但不同品种玉米根冠生长对不同程度土壤紧实胁迫的响应存在着差异,重度土壤紧实胁迫下根冠生长均具有优势的品种能够维持较高的产量,研究结果可为玉米品种改良和土壤紧实下耕作措施优化提供理论依据。展开更多
文摘In this paper, root-shoot relationships of seedlings of Manchurican ash (Fraxinus mandchurica) in pots is studied in green house. The results show that roots and shoots have the co-ordination of growth and roots and shoots of ash have the same growth dynamics. There are very close relationships between toall root mass and total shoot mass, between fine root mass and leaf mass in this experiments. At the end growing season, ash root-shoot mass ratio and fine root-leaf mass ratio are 1 .85 and 2.01 respectively. These ratios are difference during growth season. There are larger roots than shoots on seedling stage. Low nitrogen and phosphorus produce higher root-shoot ratio, and high nutrient concentrations decrease the ratios.
基金suppoaed by the National Key Basic Research Special Funds of China(Grant No.G1999011700).
文摘The role of acetylcholine (ACh) on plant root- shoot communication was investigated using the root-split system of Vicia faba L. In the experiments, slight osmotic stress caused the decrease of ACh content in root tips and the xylem sap transported up per time unit from root tip to the shoot when the water potential of the shoot was kept un-changed. It also caused the decrease of ACh content in the abaxial epidermis. The decrease was highly correlative to the changes of transpiration rate, suggesting that the decrease of ACh content probably functions as a signal to regulate stomatal behavior. The effect of osmotic stress might be mainly through the inhibition of the ACh synthesis in root tip; thus further influences the ACh content in root tip, xy-lem sap and abaxial epidermis and resulting in the changes of stomatal behavior. These results provide new evidence that plants transduce positive and negative signals among roots and shoots to coordinate stomatal behavior and adapt to variable environments.
文摘黄淮海地区农业集约化和机械化发展导致土壤紧实问题日益加重,限制玉米产量的进一步提升。明确不同品种玉米根系和地上部生长对土壤紧实胁迫的差异性响应特征,可为该区玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。本研究选用3个玉米品种,采用机械碾压的方法在同一田块模拟无紧实胁迫(NC:no compaction stress,容重1.0~1.3 g cm^(-3))、中度紧实胁迫(MC:moderate compaction stress,容重1.4~1.5 g cm^(-3))和重度紧实胁迫(HC:heavy compaction stress,容重>1.6 g cm^(-3))3个紧实程度处理,定量解析不同程度土壤紧实胁迫下不同品种玉米根冠生长各指标及产量的变化规律。结果表明,与NC相比,MC和HC处理导致玉米减产3.8%~10.3%和12.5%~33.3%。玉米根冠生长及产量形成对土壤紧实胁迫的响应存在基因型差异。MC处理下,DK517的根长、根干重及根冠比较ZD958和DH605分别提高6.0%和14.0%、15.7%和29.6%、18.8%和24.8%,但最大叶面积指数、植株总干物重和产量无显著差异;HC处理下,DK517的根长和根干重较ZD958和DH605分别提高8.4%和22.5%、29.6%和57.8%,且最大叶面积指数、植株总干物重和根冠比分别提高4.6%和15.5%、3.7%和20.9%、28.0%和32.1%,因此产量分别增加7.5%和27.2%。相关分析表明,土壤容重和贯穿阻力与玉米根冠生长各指标和产量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。综上所述,土壤紧实胁迫会显著抑制玉米根系和地上部生长而造成减产,但不同品种玉米根冠生长对不同程度土壤紧实胁迫的响应存在着差异,重度土壤紧实胁迫下根冠生长均具有优势的品种能够维持较高的产量,研究结果可为玉米品种改良和土壤紧实下耕作措施优化提供理论依据。
