Protection of radial distribution networks is widely based on coordinated inverse time overcurrent relays (OCRs) ensuring both effectiveness and selectivity. However, the integration of distributed generation (DG) int...Protection of radial distribution networks is widely based on coordinated inverse time overcurrent relays (OCRs) ensuring both effectiveness and selectivity. However, the integration of distributed generation (DG) into an existing distribution network not only inevitably increases fault current levels to levels that may exceed the OCR ratings, but it may also disturb the original overcurrent relay coordination adversely effecting protection selectivity. To analyze the potentially adverse impact of DG on distribution system protective devices with respect to circuit breaker ratings and OCR coordination fault current studies are carried out for common reference test system under the influence of additional DG. The possible advantages of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) as a means to limit the adverse effect of DG on distribution system protection and their effectiveness will be demonstrated. Furthermore, minimum SFCL impedances required to avoid miss-operation of the primary and back-up OCRs are determined. The theoretical analysis will be validated using the IEEE 13-bus distribution test system is used. Both theoretical and simulation results indicate that the proposed application of SFCL is a viable option to effectively mitigate the DG impact on protective devices, thus enhancing the reliability of distribution network interfaced with DG.展开更多
A common method to examine the current-limiting performance of saturated iron-core fault current limiter(SI-FCL) in high-voltage direct-current transmission based on voltage source converter(VSC-HVDC) systems is to so...A common method to examine the current-limiting performance of saturated iron-core fault current limiter(SI-FCL) in high-voltage direct-current transmission based on voltage source converter(VSC-HVDC) systems is to solve differential equations based on the system fault transient characteristics and the equivalent inductance calculation equation. This method analyzes the fault current of the VSC-HVDC system in the time domain. However, it is computationally complex and cannot directly reflect the relationship between parameters and the currentlimiting effect of the SI-FCL.In this paper,the relationship between the magnetic flux density and magnetic field energy of the SI-FCL is analyzed. The energy exchange between the DC capacitor and the SI-FCL in the DC short circuit fault process is analyzed. From the perspective of electromagnetic energy conversion, the criterion for determining the current-limiting ability of the SI-FCL in the transient process is given based on the parameters of the SI-FCL and VSC-HVDC system. On this basis, the characteristics of the DC side fault current and the capacitor voltage when the SI-FCL has current-limiting ability are examined.Based on the parameters of the SI-FCL and VSC-HVDC system, a method for calculating the fault current peak value and capacitor voltage drop time is given. Finally, the accuracy of the analysis of the SI-FCL in the VSC-HVDC system based on the electromagnetic energy conversion mechanism is demonstrated through a case study and simulation results of the VSC-HVDC system with different SI-FCLs.展开更多
In DC micro grids and networks,DC-DC power converters having a large number of semiconductor-based power electronic devices are usually adopted to interconnect the renewable sources and flexible loads.Most of the semi...In DC micro grids and networks,DC-DC power converters having a large number of semiconductor-based power electronic devices are usually adopted to interconnect the renewable sources and flexible loads.Most of the semiconductor-based devices suffer from poor fault withstanding abilities,but conventional power electronic protection schemes have the bottlenecks of the time-delay,self-malfunction and mis-judgement.This paper presents a novel solution using the superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL)to protect a power electronic device and extend the usage to a micro grid.This SFCL is actually a self-triggering,recoverable,and passive current limiter,which does not involve any additional circuit hardware and software.Experimental investigations and simulation analyses clarify the feasibility of using this superconductor-based protection scheme to implement the self-acting fail-safe protection of DC-DC converters.Further system-level simulations explore the SFCL to suppress the over-current and stabilize the bus voltage of a photovoltaic based DC micro grid,particularly facing millisecond-level transients and faults.Our experimental and theoretical investigations lay some technical bases to establish a superconductor-semiconductor-coupled interdisciplinary application from the view from the applied superconductivity,to power electronics,and to micro grids.展开更多
饱和铁心故障限流器(saturated core fault current limiter,SFCL)是限制系统短路电流最有效的措施之一。为减小其直流偏置电源功率和附加能耗,除了采用超导线圈偏磁外,通过钕铁硼(Nd Fe B)永磁材料偏磁也逐渐受到业界的关注,但Nd Fe B...饱和铁心故障限流器(saturated core fault current limiter,SFCL)是限制系统短路电流最有效的措施之一。为减小其直流偏置电源功率和附加能耗,除了采用超导线圈偏磁外,通过钕铁硼(Nd Fe B)永磁材料偏磁也逐渐受到业界的关注,但Nd Fe B的偏置能力和稳定性限制了其应用。针对现有方案的不足,提出了一种新型混合式饱和铁心故障限流器(hybrid type SFCL,HSFCL),基于电磁耦合的方法,研究了其拓扑原理及工作特性。新结构不仅能减小损耗,减小体积,保证限流效果,还能克服Nd Fe B偏磁能力不足和因涡流效应而产生的稳定性问题;正常工作情况下,Nd Fe B磁路不会有交变磁通;限流工作情况下,Nd Fe B永磁体的涡流损耗能降到传统结构的12.7%。通过麦克斯韦(Maxwell)场路耦合仿真和样机实验,证明了理论分析的正确性和新结构的有效性。展开更多
在建立饱和铁心型高温超导故障限流器(saturated iron-core type high temperature superconductive fault current limiters,SR-SFCL)电磁暂态仿真计算模型基础上,对电网发生短路故障后SR-SFCL一次绕组与励磁绕组的电流、电压过渡过程...在建立饱和铁心型高温超导故障限流器(saturated iron-core type high temperature superconductive fault current limiters,SR-SFCL)电磁暂态仿真计算模型基础上,对电网发生短路故障后SR-SFCL一次绕组与励磁绕组的电流、电压过渡过程进行了定量计算,深入研究了一次绕组与励磁绕组电流、电压的特征和相互关系,分析了限流器对短路电流交流分量初始值、冲击电流和稳态短路电流的限制效果。研究指出:SR-SFCL对稳态短路电流具有很好的限制作用,充分发挥限流效果的关键是缩短励磁回路的灭磁时间,灭磁时间与一次电流、灭磁电阻取值等因素关系密切。展开更多
为适应大容量应用需求,针对一种直线式永磁饱和型故障限流器(permanent-magnet-biased saturation based fault current limiter,PMFCL)磁拓扑结构,基于等效磁路法建立了以饱和深度比、电感比与电感和为基本变量的结构参数设计算法,并...为适应大容量应用需求,针对一种直线式永磁饱和型故障限流器(permanent-magnet-biased saturation based fault current limiter,PMFCL)磁拓扑结构,基于等效磁路法建立了以饱和深度比、电感比与电感和为基本变量的结构参数设计算法,并通过分析铁心上工作点的变化规律,将PMFCL结构参数优化转化为对3个独立变量的优化,即对铁心i-Be曲线上3个关键点的优化问题,为获得最优结构参数奠定了算法基础。将参数优化算法应用于110 kV系统设计实例,并基于Maxwell-2D软件建立了直线式PMFCL的场–路耦合仿真模型,验证了算法及优化结构参数的有效性。展开更多
文摘Protection of radial distribution networks is widely based on coordinated inverse time overcurrent relays (OCRs) ensuring both effectiveness and selectivity. However, the integration of distributed generation (DG) into an existing distribution network not only inevitably increases fault current levels to levels that may exceed the OCR ratings, but it may also disturb the original overcurrent relay coordination adversely effecting protection selectivity. To analyze the potentially adverse impact of DG on distribution system protective devices with respect to circuit breaker ratings and OCR coordination fault current studies are carried out for common reference test system under the influence of additional DG. The possible advantages of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) as a means to limit the adverse effect of DG on distribution system protection and their effectiveness will be demonstrated. Furthermore, minimum SFCL impedances required to avoid miss-operation of the primary and back-up OCRs are determined. The theoretical analysis will be validated using the IEEE 13-bus distribution test system is used. Both theoretical and simulation results indicate that the proposed application of SFCL is a viable option to effectively mitigate the DG impact on protective devices, thus enhancing the reliability of distribution network interfaced with DG.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFB0904600)in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 51677125
文摘A common method to examine the current-limiting performance of saturated iron-core fault current limiter(SI-FCL) in high-voltage direct-current transmission based on voltage source converter(VSC-HVDC) systems is to solve differential equations based on the system fault transient characteristics and the equivalent inductance calculation equation. This method analyzes the fault current of the VSC-HVDC system in the time domain. However, it is computationally complex and cannot directly reflect the relationship between parameters and the currentlimiting effect of the SI-FCL.In this paper,the relationship between the magnetic flux density and magnetic field energy of the SI-FCL is analyzed. The energy exchange between the DC capacitor and the SI-FCL in the DC short circuit fault process is analyzed. From the perspective of electromagnetic energy conversion, the criterion for determining the current-limiting ability of the SI-FCL in the transient process is given based on the parameters of the SI-FCL and VSC-HVDC system. On this basis, the characteristics of the DC side fault current and the capacitor voltage when the SI-FCL has current-limiting ability are examined.Based on the parameters of the SI-FCL and VSC-HVDC system, a method for calculating the fault current peak value and capacitor voltage drop time is given. Finally, the accuracy of the analysis of the SI-FCL in the VSC-HVDC system based on the electromagnetic energy conversion mechanism is demonstrated through a case study and simulation results of the VSC-HVDC system with different SI-FCLs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.51807128].
文摘In DC micro grids and networks,DC-DC power converters having a large number of semiconductor-based power electronic devices are usually adopted to interconnect the renewable sources and flexible loads.Most of the semiconductor-based devices suffer from poor fault withstanding abilities,but conventional power electronic protection schemes have the bottlenecks of the time-delay,self-malfunction and mis-judgement.This paper presents a novel solution using the superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL)to protect a power electronic device and extend the usage to a micro grid.This SFCL is actually a self-triggering,recoverable,and passive current limiter,which does not involve any additional circuit hardware and software.Experimental investigations and simulation analyses clarify the feasibility of using this superconductor-based protection scheme to implement the self-acting fail-safe protection of DC-DC converters.Further system-level simulations explore the SFCL to suppress the over-current and stabilize the bus voltage of a photovoltaic based DC micro grid,particularly facing millisecond-level transients and faults.Our experimental and theoretical investigations lay some technical bases to establish a superconductor-semiconductor-coupled interdisciplinary application from the view from the applied superconductivity,to power electronics,and to micro grids.
文摘饱和铁心故障限流器(saturated core fault current limiter,SFCL)是限制系统短路电流最有效的措施之一。为减小其直流偏置电源功率和附加能耗,除了采用超导线圈偏磁外,通过钕铁硼(Nd Fe B)永磁材料偏磁也逐渐受到业界的关注,但Nd Fe B的偏置能力和稳定性限制了其应用。针对现有方案的不足,提出了一种新型混合式饱和铁心故障限流器(hybrid type SFCL,HSFCL),基于电磁耦合的方法,研究了其拓扑原理及工作特性。新结构不仅能减小损耗,减小体积,保证限流效果,还能克服Nd Fe B偏磁能力不足和因涡流效应而产生的稳定性问题;正常工作情况下,Nd Fe B磁路不会有交变磁通;限流工作情况下,Nd Fe B永磁体的涡流损耗能降到传统结构的12.7%。通过麦克斯韦(Maxwell)场路耦合仿真和样机实验,证明了理论分析的正确性和新结构的有效性。
文摘在建立饱和铁心型高温超导故障限流器(saturated iron-core type high temperature superconductive fault current limiters,SR-SFCL)电磁暂态仿真计算模型基础上,对电网发生短路故障后SR-SFCL一次绕组与励磁绕组的电流、电压过渡过程进行了定量计算,深入研究了一次绕组与励磁绕组电流、电压的特征和相互关系,分析了限流器对短路电流交流分量初始值、冲击电流和稳态短路电流的限制效果。研究指出:SR-SFCL对稳态短路电流具有很好的限制作用,充分发挥限流效果的关键是缩短励磁回路的灭磁时间,灭磁时间与一次电流、灭磁电阻取值等因素关系密切。
文摘为适应大容量应用需求,针对一种直线式永磁饱和型故障限流器(permanent-magnet-biased saturation based fault current limiter,PMFCL)磁拓扑结构,基于等效磁路法建立了以饱和深度比、电感比与电感和为基本变量的结构参数设计算法,并通过分析铁心上工作点的变化规律,将PMFCL结构参数优化转化为对3个独立变量的优化,即对铁心i-Be曲线上3个关键点的优化问题,为获得最优结构参数奠定了算法基础。将参数优化算法应用于110 kV系统设计实例,并基于Maxwell-2D软件建立了直线式PMFCL的场–路耦合仿真模型,验证了算法及优化结构参数的有效性。
