Since the pioneering work by Broca and Wernicke in the 19th century,who examined individuals with brain lesions to associate them with specific behaviors,it was evident that behaviors are complex and cannot be fully a...Since the pioneering work by Broca and Wernicke in the 19th century,who examined individuals with brain lesions to associate them with specific behaviors,it was evident that behaviors are complex and cannot be fully attributable to specific brain areas alone.Instead,they involve connectivity among brain areas,whether close or distant.At that time,this approach was considered the optimal way to dissect brain circuitry and function.These pioneering efforts opened the field to explore the necessity or sufficiency of brain areas in controlling behavior and hence dissecting brain function.However,the connectivity of the brain and the mechanisms through which various brain regions regulate specific behaviors,either individually or collaboratively,remain largely elusive.Utilizing animal models,researchers have endeavored to unravel the necessity or sufficiency of specific brain areas in influencing behavior;however,no clear associations have been firmly established.展开更多
The influence of Nb-V microalloying on the hot deformation behavior and microstructures of medium Mn steel(MMS)was investigated by uniaxial hot compression tests.By establishing the constitutive equations for simulati...The influence of Nb-V microalloying on the hot deformation behavior and microstructures of medium Mn steel(MMS)was investigated by uniaxial hot compression tests.By establishing the constitutive equations for simulating the measured flow curves,we successfully constructed deformation activation energy(Q)maps and processing maps for identifying the region of flow instability.We concluded the following consequences of Nb-V alloying for MMS.(i)The critical strain increases and the increment diminishes with the increasing deformation temperature,suggesting that NbC precipitates more efficiently retard dynamic recrystallization(DRX)in MMS compared with solute Nb.(ii)The deformation activation energy of MMS is significantly increased and even higher than that of some reported high Mn steels,suggesting that its ability to retard DRX is greater than that of the high Mn content.(iii)The hot workability of MMS is improved by narrowing the hot processing window for the unstable flow stress,in which fine recrystallized and coarse unrecrystallized grains are present.展开更多
In engineering practice,it is often necessary to determine functional relationships between dependent and independent variables.These relationships can be highly nonlinear,and classical regression approaches cannot al...In engineering practice,it is often necessary to determine functional relationships between dependent and independent variables.These relationships can be highly nonlinear,and classical regression approaches cannot always provide sufficiently reliable solutions.Nevertheless,Machine Learning(ML)techniques,which offer advanced regression tools to address complicated engineering issues,have been developed and widely explored.This study investigates the selected ML techniques to evaluate their suitability for application in the hot deformation behavior of metallic materials.The ML-based regression methods of Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Decision Tree Regression(DTR),and Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)are applied to mathematically describe hot flow stress curve datasets acquired experimentally for a medium-carbon steel.Although the GPR method has not been used for such a regression task before,the results showed that its performance is the most favorable and practically unrivaled;neither the ANN method nor the other studied ML techniques provide such precise results of the solved regression analysis.展开更多
The local structure and thermophysical behavior of Mg-La liquid alloys were in-depth understood using deep potential molecular dynamic(DPMD) simulation driven via machine learning to promote the development of Mg-La a...The local structure and thermophysical behavior of Mg-La liquid alloys were in-depth understood using deep potential molecular dynamic(DPMD) simulation driven via machine learning to promote the development of Mg-La alloys. The robustness of the trained deep potential(DP) model was thoroughly evaluated through several aspects, including root-mean-square errors(RMSEs), energy and force data, and structural information comparison results;the results indicate the carefully trained DP model is reliable. The component and temperature dependence of the local structure in the Mg-La liquid alloy was analyzed. The effect of Mg content in the system on the first coordination shell of the atomic pairs is the same as that of temperature. The pre-peak demonstrated in the structure factor indicates the presence of a medium-range ordered structure in the Mg-La liquid alloy, which is particularly pronounced in the 80at% Mg system and disappears at elevated temperatures. The density, self-diffusion coefficient, and shear viscosity for the Mg-La liquid alloy were predicted via DPMD simulation, the evolution patterns with Mg content and temperature were subsequently discussed, and a database was established accordingly. Finally, the mixing enthalpy and elemental activity of the Mg-La liquid alloy at 1200 K were reliably evaluated,which provides new guidance for related studies.展开更多
The conventional perception of astrocytes as mere supportive cells within the brain has recently been called into question by empirical evidence, which has revealed their active involvement in regulating brain functio...The conventional perception of astrocytes as mere supportive cells within the brain has recently been called into question by empirical evidence, which has revealed their active involvement in regulating brain function and encoding behaviors associated with emotions.Specifically, astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala have been found to play a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors triggered by chronic stress. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which basolateral amygdala astrocytes regulate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behaviors remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that in a mouse model of anxiety triggered by unpredictable chronic mild stress, the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 was upregulated in the basolateral amygdala. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the targeted knockdown of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically within the basolateral amygdala astrocytes was able to rescue the anxiety-like behavior in mice subjected to stress. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, whether achieved through intracranial administration of excitatory amino acid transporter 2agonists or through injection of excitatory amino acid transporter 2-overexpressing viruses with GfaABC1D promoters, evoked anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed that chronic stress induced an upregulation of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically in astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala. Moreover, through in vivo calcium signal recordings, we found that the frequency of calcium activity in the basolateral amygdala of mice subjected to chronic stress was higher compared with normal mice.After knocking down the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, the frequency of calcium activity was not significantly increased, and anxiety-like behavior was obviously mitigated. Additionally, administration of an excitatory amino acid transporter 2 inhibitor in the basolateral amygdala yielded a notable reduction in anxiety level among mice subjected to stress. These results suggest that basolateral amygdala astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporter 2 plays a role in in the regulation of unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced anxiety-like behavior by impacting the activity of local glutamatergic neurons, and targeting excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala holds therapeutic promise for addressing anxiety disorders.展开更多
BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current statu...BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current status of family rearing,parental stress,and behavioral and emotional problems of preschool children and to analyze the mediating effect of the current status of family rearing on parental stress and behavioral/emo-tional problems.METHODS We use convenience sampling to select 258 preschool children in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2021 to September 2023.The children and their parents were evaluated using a questionnaire survey.Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between child behavioral and emotional problems and parental stress and family rearing,and the structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect.RESULTS The score for behavioral/emotional problems of 258 preschool children was(27.54±3.63),the score for parental stress was(87.64±11.34),and the score for parental family rearing was(31.54±5.24).There was a positive correlation between the behavioral and emotional problems of the children and the“hostile/mandatory”parenting style;meanwhile,showed a negative correlation with the“support/participation”parenting style(all P<0.05).The intermediary effect value between the family upbringing of parents in parental stress and children's behavior problems was 29.89%.CONCLUSION Parental family upbringing has a mediating effect between parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems of children.Despite paying attention to the behavioral and emotional problems of preschool-age children,clinical medical staff should provide correct and reasonable parenting advice to their parents to promote the mental health of preschool-age children.展开更多
To evaluate the impact of behavioral restrictions on perinatal care caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 1976 medical institutions handling deliveries across Japan. The survey examin...To evaluate the impact of behavioral restrictions on perinatal care caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 1976 medical institutions handling deliveries across Japan. The survey examined changes in the number of antenatal checkups due to behavioral restrictions, visit restrictions at medical institutions, and the acceptance of COVID-19-infected pregnant and nursing mothers. An increased burden was observed at delivery hospitals, irrespective of whether they accepted infected pregnant and nursing mothers. Some medical institutions were unable to manage infected pregnant women and transferred them to other facilities, highlighting the need for role-sharing among institutions. The number of antenatal checkups showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the pandemic negatively affected checkup attendance. However, no clear increase in perinatal deaths was observed during the observation period, despite the reduction in the number of checkups.展开更多
Background: Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) causes joint destruction, resulting in hip pain, limited range-of-motion, claudication, and joint deformity. In the conservative treatment of HOA, self-management is important to m...Background: Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) causes joint destruction, resulting in hip pain, limited range-of-motion, claudication, and joint deformity. In the conservative treatment of HOA, self-management is important to manage symptoms and control disease progression. In a previous study, the researchers conducted a conceptual analysis of 43 foreign studies on self-management during conservative therapy for patients with HOA. The results revealed a definition of self-management during conservative therapy for patients with HOA. However, because that study analyzed only the foreign literature, it remains unclear whether the findings reflect the characteristics of the Japanese health-care delivery system, health-care insurance system, or the lifestyles and cultural characteristics of Japanese patients with HOA. Objective: We aimed to clarify the self-management behaviors of patients with HOA. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five patients diagnosed with HOA, and the results were subjected to inductive qualitative analysis. Results: Six categories of self-management behaviors were extracted for patients with HOA: [active information gathering about HOA], [personalized pain and weight management, and strategies for reducing hip joint load], [reflection on living conditions with individuals and professionals, and determination for future efforts], [continuation of exercise and weight management based on personal strengths and achievements, and mutual support with others], [coexistence with HOA while managing negative feelings], and [choosing treatment methods by trusting doctors while struggling with personal needs]. Conclusion: These findings suggest the need to develop health guidance and educational programs for patients with HOA that focus on how to prevent disease progression and cope with symptoms.展开更多
In the paper, we study a compressible two-fluid model in ℝ3, where γ±>1. The pressure of the two fluids is equal. Different from previous research, we consider that viscosity coefficient both μand λare func...In the paper, we study a compressible two-fluid model in ℝ3, where γ±>1. The pressure of the two fluids is equal. Different from previous research, we consider that viscosity coefficient both μand λare functions of density. The global well-posedness of the three-dimensional compressible two-phase flow model is an open problem due to its dissipative, nonlinear structure. In the paper, setting m±=M±and Z=P−P¯, by exploiting the dissipation structure, we obtain energy estimates for (Z,w,n)and its derivatives, then we obtain the time decay rates for (Z,w,n). So we derive global well-posedness and large time behavior to the three dimensional compressible two-fluid model.展开更多
This study investigates the prevalence of HIV high-risk behaviors among university students in S City, Sichuan Province. Using a sampling survey method, a total of 3262 valid questionnaires were collected. Data analys...This study investigates the prevalence of HIV high-risk behaviors among university students in S City, Sichuan Province. Using a sampling survey method, a total of 3262 valid questionnaires were collected. Data analysis revealed ten significant issues related to HIV risk behaviors among university students, leading to suggested intervention strategies to address these behaviors.展开更多
Objective: To study the relationship between cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) thresholds and behavioral thresholds in pediatric populations with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods: Fifteen children (m...Objective: To study the relationship between cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) thresholds and behavioral thresholds in pediatric populations with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods: Fifteen children (mean age 6.8 years) with bilateral SNHL underwent behavioral pure-tone audiometry and CAEP testing at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. CAEP thresholds were determined using tone bursts, and correlations between CAEP and pure-tone thresholds were analyzed using Pearson correlation and t-tests. Results: A strong positive correlation was observed between P1 thresholds and behavioral thresholds across all test frequencies: 0.5 kHz (r = 0.765, p Conclusion: The strong correlation between P1 and behavioral thresholds demonstrates the reliability of CAEP testing for estimating auditory thresholds in children. These findings support the use of CAEP testing as a reliable objective tool for threshold estimation, particularly in cases where behavioral responses cannot be reliably obtained. When adjusted with frequency-specific correction values, CAEP testing provides a reliable method for assessing hearing thresholds in pediatric populations.展开更多
One of the main objectives of artificial intelligence lies in the simulation of the behavior of living organisms;emotions are a fundamental part of life, and they cannot be left aside when simulating behavior. In this...One of the main objectives of artificial intelligence lies in the simulation of the behavior of living organisms;emotions are a fundamental part of life, and they cannot be left aside when simulating behavior. In this research, software is developed that simulates the behavior of birds with different characteristics. The latter interacts by considering different stimuli from the environment (external), and the internal state of the subject (objectives). To achieve this, a model of birds in the role of prey and predators is developed that focuses on the study of the interaction between these organisms that exhibit specific behaviors in their environment. This project is a seminal work that aims to represent the emotions of birds, and the latter caused by stimuli from a dynamic environment.展开更多
Comprehensive understanding of the direct transformation pathway from graphite to diamond under high temperature and high pressure has long been one of the fundamental goals in materials science.Despite considerable e...Comprehensive understanding of the direct transformation pathway from graphite to diamond under high temperature and high pressure has long been one of the fundamental goals in materials science.Despite considerable experimental and theoretical progress,current experimental studies have mainly focused on the local microstructural characterizations of recovered samples,which has certain limitations for hightemperature and high-pressure products,which often exhibit diversity.Here,we report on the pressure-induced phase transition behavior of natural single-crystal graphite under three distinct pressure-transmitting media from a macroscopic perspective using in situ two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and atomic force microscopy.The surface evolution process of graphite before and after the phase transition is captured,revealing that pressure-induced surface textures can impede the continuity of the phase transition process across the entire single crystal.Our results provide a fresh perspective for studying the phase transition behavior of graphite and greatly deepen our understanding of this behavior,which will be helpful in guiding further high-temperature and high-pressure syntheses of carbon allotropes.展开更多
Community-based ecotourism (CBET) aims to empower local communities through engagement and participation. Cambodia serves as a prime example of a developing country where the local community necessitates sustained sta...Community-based ecotourism (CBET) aims to empower local communities through engagement and participation. Cambodia serves as a prime example of a developing country where the local community necessitates sustained stakeholder support to foster empowerment and promote local economic development. Ecotourism and conservation are among the major issues of concern in the study of community development. This study used the main five eco-tourism areas in Cambodia as examples. It looks at the connections between eco-innovations in tourism products, community engagement, co-creation experiences, support for CBET, perceived impact likelihood outcomes, community economic benefits, environmentally responsible behavior in ecotourism sites, and biodiversity conservation. The study employed a quantitative research approach to investigate and parameterize the dynamic ecotourism components as well as to explore key factors that influence the CBET. We collected the data using a self-administered survey on 398 local eco-based tourism communities that sell services and products to tourists. We also asked for structured questionnaire items of local communities that provide tourism services to visitors in eco-tourism destination sites in 2022-2023. The SEM results showed that this study significantly impacted and confirmed all relationships among research variables, as proposed in the conceptual model. We also discuss in detail the research findings of this study.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to explore undergraduates’knowledge,attitude,and practice/behavior of human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination,as well as the essential influencing factors for vaccination decision-making.Metho...Objective:This study aimed to explore undergraduates’knowledge,attitude,and practice/behavior of human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination,as well as the essential influencing factors for vaccination decision-making.Methods:Through cluster and convenience sampling,2000 undergraduates from the Nursing and Language department of a university in Shanghai were sent a self-designed questionnaire.Chi-square tests,independent sample t-test/ANOVE,and multiple linear regression were used to investigate participants’knowledge and attitude on HPV vaccination,as well as the factors that predicted potential action to receive and promote HPV vaccination in the future.Results:The mean HPV knowledge score was 5.027 out of 10.Health science students showed a significantly higher knowledge mean score than the non-health science students(P<0.000).There was a statistically difference in HPV vaccination attitude among undergraduates in different grades(P<0.05).Awareness of cervical cancer and worries about the risk of cervical cancer were the significant predictors of willingness to receive and promote HPV vaccination in the future.Conclusions:It would take time for a new health product to be aware,understood,accepted,and received.Education providing and information sharing are expected to break the dawn and make the procedure processed.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the current state of caring behavior among nursing students in a 3A hospital and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A convenient sampling method was employed to survey 157 nursing stud...Objective: To investigate the current state of caring behavior among nursing students in a 3A hospital and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A convenient sampling method was employed to survey 157 nursing students in a 3A hospital from October 2023 to March 2024, using a self-designed general data questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Caring Behavior Scale. Results: The caring behavior score of the nursing students was 102.39 ± 14.42. Among the three dimensions, the highest score was observed in “respect and connection” (40.29 ± 6.65), while the lowest score was in “knowledge and skill” (22.25 ± 3.53). Statistically significant differences in caring behavior scores were found in relation to education level, relationship with parents (general), and unwillingness to engage in nursing work after graduation (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The caring behavior scores of the nursing students in this study were at a moderate level. Education level, the quality of the relationship with parents (general), and an unwillingness to pursue nursing as a career after graduation were identified as the primary influencing factors.展开更多
Layered rock formations are frequently encountered during the excavation of underground structures. The stability of such structures is influenced not only by the stress concentration caused by the cavities in the str...Layered rock formations are frequently encountered during the excavation of underground structures. The stability of such structures is influenced not only by the stress concentration caused by the cavities in the strata but also by the anisotropy of the layered rock mass. The interaction between them can lead to critical structural failure, such as rupture, collapse, or significant deformation within the adjacent rock mass, thereby jeopardizing operational safety. However, the coupling law and mechanism between the stress concentration resulting from the cavities and the anisotropy of a layered rock mass remain unclear. In this study, a uniaxial compression test was performed on shale specimens containing a circular hole to investigate the effects of layer inclination and circular holes on the mechanical properties, elastic energy storage, and failure behaviors of these specimens. The failure mechanism of the rock surrounding the hole was analyzed on the basis of the single plane of weakness theory and the Kirsch solution. The test results indicated pronounced anisotropy in the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and elastic strain energy of the specimens, with distinct “V”, “M” and “U”-shaped patterns correlated with varying layer inclination angles. In addition, the combined effect of stress concentration and layer inclination resulted in different failure types, which were classified into four groups according to their failure behavior. Theoretical analysis revealed that failure around circular holes in layered rock is affected by a range of variables, such as layer inclination, layer strength, lateral pressure coefficient, azimuth, and loading stress.展开更多
Silicon-carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon-carbide-ceramic-based matrix(SiC/SiC)composites possess excellent properties such as low density,high strength and high temperature resistance,showing a potential application f...Silicon-carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon-carbide-ceramic-based matrix(SiC/SiC)composites possess excellent properties such as low density,high strength and high temperature resistance,showing a potential application for structural components in the aerospace field,but their oxidation behavior remains largely unknown.In this study,Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) modified SiC/SiC(SiC/SiC-Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7))mini-composites were prepared by introducing Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) as anti-oxidation phase into SiC fiber bundles via Sol-Gel and depositing SiC matrix by chemical vapor deposition(CVD).Influence of Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) on microstructure,mechanical property and oxidation behavior of SiC/SiC mini-composites was investigated.The results showed that after oxidation in air at 1200 and 1400℃for 50 h,the tensile strength retentions of SiC/SiC mini-composites were 77%and 69%,respectively,and the fracture morphology exhibited flat.The Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) introduced by Sol-Gel partially distributed in layers,contributing to the toughening of the material.On the fracture surface,there was interlayer debonding,which extended energy dissipation mechanism of SiC/SiC mini-composites.Tensile strength of SiC/SiC-Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) mini-composites at room temperature was 484 MPa.After oxidation in air at 1200 and 1400℃for 50 h,the tensile strengths decreased to 425 and 374 MPa,resulting in retention rates of 88%and 77%,respectively.It displayed typical non-brittle fracture characteristics.The interface oxygen content of SiC/SiC mini-composites at the fracture surface was higher than that of SiC/SiC-Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) mini-composites,indicating that introduction of Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) could alleviate oxygen diffusion towards the interface,and therefore improve the oxidation resistance of SiC/SiC-Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) mini-composites.展开更多
The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,t...The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,the interaction between S.frugiperda and local pests remains unclear.In this study,we determined that Oriental armyworm(Mythimna separata)females with different mating status displayed different approach-avoidance behaviors towards maize which was infested by S.frugiperda larvae.The virgin M.separata females were repelled,while the mated females were attracted by the S.frugiperda-infested maize.To further understand the olfactory mechanism of this phenomenon,seven volatiles induced by S.frugiperda in maize were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS),including trans-2-hexenal,linalool,trans-β-farnesene,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,β-caryophyllene,trans-α-bergamotene,and isopentyl acetate.Additionally,electrophysiological and behavioral assays of the seven compounds were performed using both virgin and mated females of M.separata.We determined that virgin and mated females displayed different responses to the herbivore-induced plant volatile(HIPV).Trans-β-farnesene was the core compound for repelling virgin females,and trans-2-hexenal was the key attractant for oviposition in mated female M.separata individuals.These findings help our comprehension of the relationships between maize pests and offer new possibilities for controlling them by olfactory-based strategies.展开更多
High-fat diet(HFD)consumption induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric disorders,including anxiety.Previous research found that Tremella polysaccharide(TP)exhibited neuroprotective effects in vitro and in...High-fat diet(HFD)consumption induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric disorders,including anxiety.Previous research found that Tremella polysaccharide(TP)exhibited neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo.This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of TP on HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors and elucidate the underlying mechanisms from the point view of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Two groups of HFD-induced obese mice were orally gavaged with low dose(TPL,40 mg/kg)and high dose(TPH,400 mg/kg)of TP.A 12-week administration of TPH could significantly improve anxiety-like behaviors in HFD mice.In the hippocampus,microglia activation,the expression of blood-brain barrier(BBB)markers,and the levels of two neurotransmitters(serotonin and norepinephrine)were countered by TPH in mice consuming HFD.Furthermore,TPH improved the intestinal permeability and immune response of the enterocytes in HFD-fed mice.The gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by HFD was also rebalanced by TP treatments,especially in Proteobacteria and its lower taxa.The correlational analysis also suggested that shifts of some microbial genera were closely associated with body weight and the parameters of behavioral tests.Interestingly,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)results indicated that fecal microbiota from TPH-treated obese mice could prevent HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors,suppressed microglia activation and intestinal permeability.In conclusion,the present study indicated that TP intake is a promising dietary intervention strategy to prevent HFD-induced anxiety via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.展开更多
基金supported by ANID Fondecyt Iniciacion 11180540(to FJB)ANID PAI 77180077(to FJB)+2 种基金UNAB DI-02-22/REG(to FJB)Exploración-ANID 13220203(to FJB)ANID-MILENIO(NCN2023_23,to FJB)。
文摘Since the pioneering work by Broca and Wernicke in the 19th century,who examined individuals with brain lesions to associate them with specific behaviors,it was evident that behaviors are complex and cannot be fully attributable to specific brain areas alone.Instead,they involve connectivity among brain areas,whether close or distant.At that time,this approach was considered the optimal way to dissect brain circuitry and function.These pioneering efforts opened the field to explore the necessity or sufficiency of brain areas in controlling behavior and hence dissecting brain function.However,the connectivity of the brain and the mechanisms through which various brain regions regulate specific behaviors,either individually or collaboratively,remain largely elusive.Utilizing animal models,researchers have endeavored to unravel the necessity or sufficiency of specific brain areas in influencing behavior;however,no clear associations have been firmly established.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52233018 and 51831002)the China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foudation(No.BWLCF202213)。
文摘The influence of Nb-V microalloying on the hot deformation behavior and microstructures of medium Mn steel(MMS)was investigated by uniaxial hot compression tests.By establishing the constitutive equations for simulating the measured flow curves,we successfully constructed deformation activation energy(Q)maps and processing maps for identifying the region of flow instability.We concluded the following consequences of Nb-V alloying for MMS.(i)The critical strain increases and the increment diminishes with the increasing deformation temperature,suggesting that NbC precipitates more efficiently retard dynamic recrystallization(DRX)in MMS compared with solute Nb.(ii)The deformation activation energy of MMS is significantly increased and even higher than that of some reported high Mn steels,suggesting that its ability to retard DRX is greater than that of the high Mn content.(iii)The hot workability of MMS is improved by narrowing the hot processing window for the unstable flow stress,in which fine recrystallized and coarse unrecrystallized grains are present.
基金supported by the SP2024/089 Project by the Faculty of Materials Science and Technology,VˇSB-Technical University of Ostrava.
文摘In engineering practice,it is often necessary to determine functional relationships between dependent and independent variables.These relationships can be highly nonlinear,and classical regression approaches cannot always provide sufficiently reliable solutions.Nevertheless,Machine Learning(ML)techniques,which offer advanced regression tools to address complicated engineering issues,have been developed and widely explored.This study investigates the selected ML techniques to evaluate their suitability for application in the hot deformation behavior of metallic materials.The ML-based regression methods of Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Decision Tree Regression(DTR),and Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)are applied to mathematically describe hot flow stress curve datasets acquired experimentally for a medium-carbon steel.Although the GPR method has not been used for such a regression task before,the results showed that its performance is the most favorable and practically unrivaled;neither the ANN method nor the other studied ML techniques provide such precise results of the solved regression analysis.
基金financially supported by the National Key R &D Program of China (No.2022YFB3709300)。
文摘The local structure and thermophysical behavior of Mg-La liquid alloys were in-depth understood using deep potential molecular dynamic(DPMD) simulation driven via machine learning to promote the development of Mg-La alloys. The robustness of the trained deep potential(DP) model was thoroughly evaluated through several aspects, including root-mean-square errors(RMSEs), energy and force data, and structural information comparison results;the results indicate the carefully trained DP model is reliable. The component and temperature dependence of the local structure in the Mg-La liquid alloy was analyzed. The effect of Mg content in the system on the first coordination shell of the atomic pairs is the same as that of temperature. The pre-peak demonstrated in the structure factor indicates the presence of a medium-range ordered structure in the Mg-La liquid alloy, which is particularly pronounced in the 80at% Mg system and disappears at elevated temperatures. The density, self-diffusion coefficient, and shear viscosity for the Mg-La liquid alloy were predicted via DPMD simulation, the evolution patterns with Mg content and temperature were subsequently discussed, and a database was established accordingly. Finally, the mixing enthalpy and elemental activity of the Mg-La liquid alloy at 1200 K were reliably evaluated,which provides new guidance for related studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32371070 (to JT),31761163005 (to JT),32100824 (to QX)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,Nos.RCBS20210609104606024 (to QX),JCY20210324101813035 (to DL)+4 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key S&T Program,No.2018B030336001 (to JT)the Key Basic Research Program of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission,Nos.JCYJ20200109115405930 (to JT),JCYJ20220818101615033 (to DL),JCYJ20210324115811031 (to QX),JCYJ20200109150717745 (to QX)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases,No.ZDSYS20220304163558001 (to JT)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior,No.2023B1212060055 (to JT)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2021M693298 (to QX)。
文摘The conventional perception of astrocytes as mere supportive cells within the brain has recently been called into question by empirical evidence, which has revealed their active involvement in regulating brain function and encoding behaviors associated with emotions.Specifically, astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala have been found to play a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors triggered by chronic stress. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which basolateral amygdala astrocytes regulate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behaviors remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that in a mouse model of anxiety triggered by unpredictable chronic mild stress, the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 was upregulated in the basolateral amygdala. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the targeted knockdown of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically within the basolateral amygdala astrocytes was able to rescue the anxiety-like behavior in mice subjected to stress. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, whether achieved through intracranial administration of excitatory amino acid transporter 2agonists or through injection of excitatory amino acid transporter 2-overexpressing viruses with GfaABC1D promoters, evoked anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed that chronic stress induced an upregulation of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically in astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala. Moreover, through in vivo calcium signal recordings, we found that the frequency of calcium activity in the basolateral amygdala of mice subjected to chronic stress was higher compared with normal mice.After knocking down the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, the frequency of calcium activity was not significantly increased, and anxiety-like behavior was obviously mitigated. Additionally, administration of an excitatory amino acid transporter 2 inhibitor in the basolateral amygdala yielded a notable reduction in anxiety level among mice subjected to stress. These results suggest that basolateral amygdala astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporter 2 plays a role in in the regulation of unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced anxiety-like behavior by impacting the activity of local glutamatergic neurons, and targeting excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala holds therapeutic promise for addressing anxiety disorders.
基金Supported by the Shijiazhuang Science and Technology Research and Development Program,No.221460383.
文摘BACKGROUND Emotional reactions,such as anxiety,irritability,and aggressive behavior,have attracted clinical attention as behavioral and emotional problems in preschool-age children.AIM To investigate the current status of family rearing,parental stress,and behavioral and emotional problems of preschool children and to analyze the mediating effect of the current status of family rearing on parental stress and behavioral/emo-tional problems.METHODS We use convenience sampling to select 258 preschool children in the physical examination center of our hospital from October 2021 to September 2023.The children and their parents were evaluated using a questionnaire survey.Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between child behavioral and emotional problems and parental stress and family rearing,and the structural equation model was constructed to test the mediating effect.RESULTS The score for behavioral/emotional problems of 258 preschool children was(27.54±3.63),the score for parental stress was(87.64±11.34),and the score for parental family rearing was(31.54±5.24).There was a positive correlation between the behavioral and emotional problems of the children and the“hostile/mandatory”parenting style;meanwhile,showed a negative correlation with the“support/participation”parenting style(all P<0.05).The intermediary effect value between the family upbringing of parents in parental stress and children's behavior problems was 29.89%.CONCLUSION Parental family upbringing has a mediating effect between parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems of children.Despite paying attention to the behavioral and emotional problems of preschool-age children,clinical medical staff should provide correct and reasonable parenting advice to their parents to promote the mental health of preschool-age children.
文摘To evaluate the impact of behavioral restrictions on perinatal care caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 1976 medical institutions handling deliveries across Japan. The survey examined changes in the number of antenatal checkups due to behavioral restrictions, visit restrictions at medical institutions, and the acceptance of COVID-19-infected pregnant and nursing mothers. An increased burden was observed at delivery hospitals, irrespective of whether they accepted infected pregnant and nursing mothers. Some medical institutions were unable to manage infected pregnant women and transferred them to other facilities, highlighting the need for role-sharing among institutions. The number of antenatal checkups showed a decreasing trend, indicating that the pandemic negatively affected checkup attendance. However, no clear increase in perinatal deaths was observed during the observation period, despite the reduction in the number of checkups.
文摘Background: Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) causes joint destruction, resulting in hip pain, limited range-of-motion, claudication, and joint deformity. In the conservative treatment of HOA, self-management is important to manage symptoms and control disease progression. In a previous study, the researchers conducted a conceptual analysis of 43 foreign studies on self-management during conservative therapy for patients with HOA. The results revealed a definition of self-management during conservative therapy for patients with HOA. However, because that study analyzed only the foreign literature, it remains unclear whether the findings reflect the characteristics of the Japanese health-care delivery system, health-care insurance system, or the lifestyles and cultural characteristics of Japanese patients with HOA. Objective: We aimed to clarify the self-management behaviors of patients with HOA. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five patients diagnosed with HOA, and the results were subjected to inductive qualitative analysis. Results: Six categories of self-management behaviors were extracted for patients with HOA: [active information gathering about HOA], [personalized pain and weight management, and strategies for reducing hip joint load], [reflection on living conditions with individuals and professionals, and determination for future efforts], [continuation of exercise and weight management based on personal strengths and achievements, and mutual support with others], [coexistence with HOA while managing negative feelings], and [choosing treatment methods by trusting doctors while struggling with personal needs]. Conclusion: These findings suggest the need to develop health guidance and educational programs for patients with HOA that focus on how to prevent disease progression and cope with symptoms.
文摘In the paper, we study a compressible two-fluid model in ℝ3, where γ±>1. The pressure of the two fluids is equal. Different from previous research, we consider that viscosity coefficient both μand λare functions of density. The global well-posedness of the three-dimensional compressible two-phase flow model is an open problem due to its dissipative, nonlinear structure. In the paper, setting m±=M±and Z=P−P¯, by exploiting the dissipation structure, we obtain energy estimates for (Z,w,n)and its derivatives, then we obtain the time decay rates for (Z,w,n). So we derive global well-posedness and large time behavior to the three dimensional compressible two-fluid model.
文摘This study investigates the prevalence of HIV high-risk behaviors among university students in S City, Sichuan Province. Using a sampling survey method, a total of 3262 valid questionnaires were collected. Data analysis revealed ten significant issues related to HIV risk behaviors among university students, leading to suggested intervention strategies to address these behaviors.
文摘Objective: To study the relationship between cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) thresholds and behavioral thresholds in pediatric populations with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods: Fifteen children (mean age 6.8 years) with bilateral SNHL underwent behavioral pure-tone audiometry and CAEP testing at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. CAEP thresholds were determined using tone bursts, and correlations between CAEP and pure-tone thresholds were analyzed using Pearson correlation and t-tests. Results: A strong positive correlation was observed between P1 thresholds and behavioral thresholds across all test frequencies: 0.5 kHz (r = 0.765, p Conclusion: The strong correlation between P1 and behavioral thresholds demonstrates the reliability of CAEP testing for estimating auditory thresholds in children. These findings support the use of CAEP testing as a reliable objective tool for threshold estimation, particularly in cases where behavioral responses cannot be reliably obtained. When adjusted with frequency-specific correction values, CAEP testing provides a reliable method for assessing hearing thresholds in pediatric populations.
文摘One of the main objectives of artificial intelligence lies in the simulation of the behavior of living organisms;emotions are a fundamental part of life, and they cannot be left aside when simulating behavior. In this research, software is developed that simulates the behavior of birds with different characteristics. The latter interacts by considering different stimuli from the environment (external), and the internal state of the subject (objectives). To achieve this, a model of birds in the role of prey and predators is developed that focuses on the study of the interaction between these organisms that exhibit specific behaviors in their environment. This project is a seminal work that aims to represent the emotions of birds, and the latter caused by stimuli from a dynamic environment.
基金support from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.T2225027)the NSAF(Grant No.U1930401)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(MOST)(Grant No.2023YFA1406500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.61674045).
文摘Comprehensive understanding of the direct transformation pathway from graphite to diamond under high temperature and high pressure has long been one of the fundamental goals in materials science.Despite considerable experimental and theoretical progress,current experimental studies have mainly focused on the local microstructural characterizations of recovered samples,which has certain limitations for hightemperature and high-pressure products,which often exhibit diversity.Here,we report on the pressure-induced phase transition behavior of natural single-crystal graphite under three distinct pressure-transmitting media from a macroscopic perspective using in situ two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and atomic force microscopy.The surface evolution process of graphite before and after the phase transition is captured,revealing that pressure-induced surface textures can impede the continuity of the phase transition process across the entire single crystal.Our results provide a fresh perspective for studying the phase transition behavior of graphite and greatly deepen our understanding of this behavior,which will be helpful in guiding further high-temperature and high-pressure syntheses of carbon allotropes.
文摘Community-based ecotourism (CBET) aims to empower local communities through engagement and participation. Cambodia serves as a prime example of a developing country where the local community necessitates sustained stakeholder support to foster empowerment and promote local economic development. Ecotourism and conservation are among the major issues of concern in the study of community development. This study used the main five eco-tourism areas in Cambodia as examples. It looks at the connections between eco-innovations in tourism products, community engagement, co-creation experiences, support for CBET, perceived impact likelihood outcomes, community economic benefits, environmentally responsible behavior in ecotourism sites, and biodiversity conservation. The study employed a quantitative research approach to investigate and parameterize the dynamic ecotourism components as well as to explore key factors that influence the CBET. We collected the data using a self-administered survey on 398 local eco-based tourism communities that sell services and products to tourists. We also asked for structured questionnaire items of local communities that provide tourism services to visitors in eco-tourism destination sites in 2022-2023. The SEM results showed that this study significantly impacted and confirmed all relationships among research variables, as proposed in the conceptual model. We also discuss in detail the research findings of this study.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore undergraduates’knowledge,attitude,and practice/behavior of human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination,as well as the essential influencing factors for vaccination decision-making.Methods:Through cluster and convenience sampling,2000 undergraduates from the Nursing and Language department of a university in Shanghai were sent a self-designed questionnaire.Chi-square tests,independent sample t-test/ANOVE,and multiple linear regression were used to investigate participants’knowledge and attitude on HPV vaccination,as well as the factors that predicted potential action to receive and promote HPV vaccination in the future.Results:The mean HPV knowledge score was 5.027 out of 10.Health science students showed a significantly higher knowledge mean score than the non-health science students(P<0.000).There was a statistically difference in HPV vaccination attitude among undergraduates in different grades(P<0.05).Awareness of cervical cancer and worries about the risk of cervical cancer were the significant predictors of willingness to receive and promote HPV vaccination in the future.Conclusions:It would take time for a new health product to be aware,understood,accepted,and received.Education providing and information sharing are expected to break the dawn and make the procedure processed.
基金Demonstration Course Project of Ideological and Political Education in Henan Province-Fundamentals of Nursing(JiaoGao[2022]No.268)。
文摘Objective: To investigate the current state of caring behavior among nursing students in a 3A hospital and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A convenient sampling method was employed to survey 157 nursing students in a 3A hospital from October 2023 to March 2024, using a self-designed general data questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Caring Behavior Scale. Results: The caring behavior score of the nursing students was 102.39 ± 14.42. Among the three dimensions, the highest score was observed in “respect and connection” (40.29 ± 6.65), while the lowest score was in “knowledge and skill” (22.25 ± 3.53). Statistically significant differences in caring behavior scores were found in relation to education level, relationship with parents (general), and unwillingness to engage in nursing work after graduation (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The caring behavior scores of the nursing students in this study were at a moderate level. Education level, the quality of the relationship with parents (general), and an unwillingness to pursue nursing as a career after graduation were identified as the primary influencing factors.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2244099)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023T0025)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074020).
文摘Layered rock formations are frequently encountered during the excavation of underground structures. The stability of such structures is influenced not only by the stress concentration caused by the cavities in the strata but also by the anisotropy of the layered rock mass. The interaction between them can lead to critical structural failure, such as rupture, collapse, or significant deformation within the adjacent rock mass, thereby jeopardizing operational safety. However, the coupling law and mechanism between the stress concentration resulting from the cavities and the anisotropy of a layered rock mass remain unclear. In this study, a uniaxial compression test was performed on shale specimens containing a circular hole to investigate the effects of layer inclination and circular holes on the mechanical properties, elastic energy storage, and failure behaviors of these specimens. The failure mechanism of the rock surrounding the hole was analyzed on the basis of the single plane of weakness theory and the Kirsch solution. The test results indicated pronounced anisotropy in the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and elastic strain energy of the specimens, with distinct “V”, “M” and “U”-shaped patterns correlated with varying layer inclination angles. In addition, the combined effect of stress concentration and layer inclination resulted in different failure types, which were classified into four groups according to their failure behavior. Theoretical analysis revealed that failure around circular holes in layered rock is affected by a range of variables, such as layer inclination, layer strength, lateral pressure coefficient, azimuth, and loading stress.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52222202)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3707700)+2 种基金Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(21511104800)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Chinese Academy of Science,Shanghai Branch(JCYJ-SHFY-2021-001)Science Center for Gas Turbine Project(P2022-B-Ⅳ-001-001)。
文摘Silicon-carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon-carbide-ceramic-based matrix(SiC/SiC)composites possess excellent properties such as low density,high strength and high temperature resistance,showing a potential application for structural components in the aerospace field,but their oxidation behavior remains largely unknown.In this study,Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) modified SiC/SiC(SiC/SiC-Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7))mini-composites were prepared by introducing Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) as anti-oxidation phase into SiC fiber bundles via Sol-Gel and depositing SiC matrix by chemical vapor deposition(CVD).Influence of Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) on microstructure,mechanical property and oxidation behavior of SiC/SiC mini-composites was investigated.The results showed that after oxidation in air at 1200 and 1400℃for 50 h,the tensile strength retentions of SiC/SiC mini-composites were 77%and 69%,respectively,and the fracture morphology exhibited flat.The Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) introduced by Sol-Gel partially distributed in layers,contributing to the toughening of the material.On the fracture surface,there was interlayer debonding,which extended energy dissipation mechanism of SiC/SiC mini-composites.Tensile strength of SiC/SiC-Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) mini-composites at room temperature was 484 MPa.After oxidation in air at 1200 and 1400℃for 50 h,the tensile strengths decreased to 425 and 374 MPa,resulting in retention rates of 88%and 77%,respectively.It displayed typical non-brittle fracture characteristics.The interface oxygen content of SiC/SiC mini-composites at the fracture surface was higher than that of SiC/SiC-Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) mini-composites,indicating that introduction of Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) could alleviate oxygen diffusion towards the interface,and therefore improve the oxidation resistance of SiC/SiC-Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) mini-composites.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400700)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(2308085MC89)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP)。
文摘The fall armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda)is an invasive species and a destructive pest of maize,which significantly impacts native species and communities via complex mechanisms like competition for resources.However,the interaction between S.frugiperda and local pests remains unclear.In this study,we determined that Oriental armyworm(Mythimna separata)females with different mating status displayed different approach-avoidance behaviors towards maize which was infested by S.frugiperda larvae.The virgin M.separata females were repelled,while the mated females were attracted by the S.frugiperda-infested maize.To further understand the olfactory mechanism of this phenomenon,seven volatiles induced by S.frugiperda in maize were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS),including trans-2-hexenal,linalool,trans-β-farnesene,cis-3-hexenyl acetate,β-caryophyllene,trans-α-bergamotene,and isopentyl acetate.Additionally,electrophysiological and behavioral assays of the seven compounds were performed using both virgin and mated females of M.separata.We determined that virgin and mated females displayed different responses to the herbivore-induced plant volatile(HIPV).Trans-β-farnesene was the core compound for repelling virgin females,and trans-2-hexenal was the key attractant for oviposition in mated female M.separata individuals.These findings help our comprehension of the relationships between maize pests and offer new possibilities for controlling them by olfactory-based strategies.
基金supported by the Seed Fund of Research Institute of Future Food(1-CD54)。
文摘High-fat diet(HFD)consumption induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric disorders,including anxiety.Previous research found that Tremella polysaccharide(TP)exhibited neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo.This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of TP on HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors and elucidate the underlying mechanisms from the point view of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Two groups of HFD-induced obese mice were orally gavaged with low dose(TPL,40 mg/kg)and high dose(TPH,400 mg/kg)of TP.A 12-week administration of TPH could significantly improve anxiety-like behaviors in HFD mice.In the hippocampus,microglia activation,the expression of blood-brain barrier(BBB)markers,and the levels of two neurotransmitters(serotonin and norepinephrine)were countered by TPH in mice consuming HFD.Furthermore,TPH improved the intestinal permeability and immune response of the enterocytes in HFD-fed mice.The gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by HFD was also rebalanced by TP treatments,especially in Proteobacteria and its lower taxa.The correlational analysis also suggested that shifts of some microbial genera were closely associated with body weight and the parameters of behavioral tests.Interestingly,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)results indicated that fecal microbiota from TPH-treated obese mice could prevent HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors,suppressed microglia activation and intestinal permeability.In conclusion,the present study indicated that TP intake is a promising dietary intervention strategy to prevent HFD-induced anxiety via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
