苏醒期躁动(EA)是全麻苏醒期的临床常见并发症之一,主要表现为定向功能和感知功能改变的、对自身环境的认知和关注能力的障碍。EA的整体发生率因各因素影响从0.25%到90.5%不等,如处理不当,可对患者自身和医护人员造成严重危害。而早期...苏醒期躁动(EA)是全麻苏醒期的临床常见并发症之一,主要表现为定向功能和感知功能改变的、对自身环境的认知和关注能力的障碍。EA的整体发生率因各因素影响从0.25%到90.5%不等,如处理不当,可对患者自身和医护人员造成严重危害。而早期目标导向镇静(EGDS)理念有助于减弱或消除伤害性刺激诱发的不良后果,从而减少EA的发生率,使全麻患者的复苏过程更加平稳舒适。本文围绕EA的影响因素、危害,以及EGDS理念的优势、常用药物等方面展开论述,为改善全麻患者的复苏质量,减少EA的发生率提供参考。Emergence agitation (EA) is one of the common complications during the recovery period after general anesthesia, primarily characterized by alterations in orientation and perceptual functions, leading to impaired cognitive and attentional abilities regarding one’s environment. The overall incidence of EA varies widely from 0.25% to 90.5% depending on various factors, and if not managed properly, it can pose serious risks to both patients and healthcare personnel. The concept of early goal-directed sedation (EGDS) can help mitigate or eliminate the adverse effects induced by harmful stimuli, thereby reducing the incidence of EA and making the recovery process for patients undergoing general anesthesia smoother and more comfortable. This article discusses the influencing factors and hazards of EA, as well as the advantages of the EGDS approach and commonly used medications, providing a reference for improving recovery quality in patients undergoing general anesthesia and reducing the incidence of EA.展开更多
骨桥蛋白(OPN)是由骨桥蛋白基因(SPP1)编码的主要参与多种细胞功能的配体蛋白,是一种带负电的,非胶原性骨基质糖蛋白的,多数在细胞外基质(ECM)中发挥作用的一类重要的配体蛋白分子。OPN由胎盘等多种组织表达,含有信号肽、精氨酸–甘氨...骨桥蛋白(OPN)是由骨桥蛋白基因(SPP1)编码的主要参与多种细胞功能的配体蛋白,是一种带负电的,非胶原性骨基质糖蛋白的,多数在细胞外基质(ECM)中发挥作用的一类重要的配体蛋白分子。OPN由胎盘等多种组织表达,含有信号肽、精氨酸–甘氨酸–天冬氨酸(Arg-Gly-Asp, RGD)、糖基化位点和肝素结合域等多种功能序列的转化相关性磷酸蛋白。多项研究证明OPN具有细胞粘附、细胞募集、细胞因子表达、信号转导、肿瘤发生和转移、细胞免疫、加速血管生成和纤维化等多种生物学功能,成为研究的热点,有意义的分子靶点不断被识别,逐渐成为疾病诊断和治疗的新靶标,本文对近年来OPN与心血管疾病的关系作简要综述。Osteopontin (OPN) is a negatively charged, non-collagenous bone matrix glycoprotein mainly in various cellular functions as a ligand protein. It is expressed in various tissues including placenta, and contains a signal peptide, arginine-glycinepartic acid (Arg-Gly-Asp, RGD), glycosylation sites, and heparin binding domains, among other functional sequences, as transforming-related acidic phosphoprotein. Numerous studies have shown that OPN has various biological functions such as cell adhesion, cell recruitment, cytokine expression, signalduction, tumorigenesis and metastasis, cellular immunity, angiogenesis, and fibrosis, making it a hot topic in research. Meaningful molecular targets continuously being identified, gradually becoming new targets for disease diagnosis and treatment. This article briefly reviews the relationship between OPN and cardiovascular diseases in recent years.展开更多
文摘苏醒期躁动(EA)是全麻苏醒期的临床常见并发症之一,主要表现为定向功能和感知功能改变的、对自身环境的认知和关注能力的障碍。EA的整体发生率因各因素影响从0.25%到90.5%不等,如处理不当,可对患者自身和医护人员造成严重危害。而早期目标导向镇静(EGDS)理念有助于减弱或消除伤害性刺激诱发的不良后果,从而减少EA的发生率,使全麻患者的复苏过程更加平稳舒适。本文围绕EA的影响因素、危害,以及EGDS理念的优势、常用药物等方面展开论述,为改善全麻患者的复苏质量,减少EA的发生率提供参考。Emergence agitation (EA) is one of the common complications during the recovery period after general anesthesia, primarily characterized by alterations in orientation and perceptual functions, leading to impaired cognitive and attentional abilities regarding one’s environment. The overall incidence of EA varies widely from 0.25% to 90.5% depending on various factors, and if not managed properly, it can pose serious risks to both patients and healthcare personnel. The concept of early goal-directed sedation (EGDS) can help mitigate or eliminate the adverse effects induced by harmful stimuli, thereby reducing the incidence of EA and making the recovery process for patients undergoing general anesthesia smoother and more comfortable. This article discusses the influencing factors and hazards of EA, as well as the advantages of the EGDS approach and commonly used medications, providing a reference for improving recovery quality in patients undergoing general anesthesia and reducing the incidence of EA.
文摘骨桥蛋白(OPN)是由骨桥蛋白基因(SPP1)编码的主要参与多种细胞功能的配体蛋白,是一种带负电的,非胶原性骨基质糖蛋白的,多数在细胞外基质(ECM)中发挥作用的一类重要的配体蛋白分子。OPN由胎盘等多种组织表达,含有信号肽、精氨酸–甘氨酸–天冬氨酸(Arg-Gly-Asp, RGD)、糖基化位点和肝素结合域等多种功能序列的转化相关性磷酸蛋白。多项研究证明OPN具有细胞粘附、细胞募集、细胞因子表达、信号转导、肿瘤发生和转移、细胞免疫、加速血管生成和纤维化等多种生物学功能,成为研究的热点,有意义的分子靶点不断被识别,逐渐成为疾病诊断和治疗的新靶标,本文对近年来OPN与心血管疾病的关系作简要综述。Osteopontin (OPN) is a negatively charged, non-collagenous bone matrix glycoprotein mainly in various cellular functions as a ligand protein. It is expressed in various tissues including placenta, and contains a signal peptide, arginine-glycinepartic acid (Arg-Gly-Asp, RGD), glycosylation sites, and heparin binding domains, among other functional sequences, as transforming-related acidic phosphoprotein. Numerous studies have shown that OPN has various biological functions such as cell adhesion, cell recruitment, cytokine expression, signalduction, tumorigenesis and metastasis, cellular immunity, angiogenesis, and fibrosis, making it a hot topic in research. Meaningful molecular targets continuously being identified, gradually becoming new targets for disease diagnosis and treatment. This article briefly reviews the relationship between OPN and cardiovascular diseases in recent years.
