全球气候变化对陆地生态系统的功能产生了重要影响,土壤有机碳(SOC)是维持陆地生态系统生产力和可持续性的关键,以CO2为主的温室气体的过量排放导致全球气候持续变暖。微生物是SOC周转的动力,是全球变暖影响SOC储量与化学特性的关键媒...全球气候变化对陆地生态系统的功能产生了重要影响,土壤有机碳(SOC)是维持陆地生态系统生产力和可持续性的关键,以CO2为主的温室气体的过量排放导致全球气候持续变暖。微生物是SOC周转的动力,是全球变暖影响SOC储量与化学特性的关键媒介。气候变暖导致大部分农田和森林的有机碳储量下降,但草原的有机碳含量升高,这可能与微生物对有机碳的异化分解和同化固定之间的权衡有关。气温的升高和与之相伴的CO2浓度升高有利于植物生长,使得植物光合作用增强,向土壤中输入的有机碳增加,这些外源有机碳在微生物的作用下转化为稳定碳源,可直接提高微生物的呼吸活性,真菌在土壤微生物中的比例降低,而细菌所占的比例升高,对土壤碳库的储存产生不利影响。植物功能群(BFGs)促进土壤活性有机碳库的释放,提高土壤微生物的碳矿化速率。在评估农业生态系统多功能性(EMF)响应时,不仅要考虑微生物多样性,还要考虑它们之间的相互作用,这对预测未来气候变化情景下生态系统功能的变化具有重要意义。从多角度入手,深入认识气候–微生物-SOC之间的关系,有利于在全球变化的大背景下,充分发挥土壤碳汇效应,为实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”提供理论与政策依据。Global climate change has a significant impact on the functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is crucial for maintaining the productivity and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems. The excessive emission of greenhouse gases, mainly CO₂, has led to continuous global warming. Microorganisms are the driving force behind SOC turnover and the key medium through which global warming affects SOC reserves and chemical properties. Climate warming has caused a decline in the organic carbon reserves of most farmlands and forests, but an increase in the organic carbon content of grasslands. This may be related to the trade-off between the dissimilatory decomposition and assimilatory fixation of organic carbon by microorganisms. The rise in temperature, accompanied by an increase in CO₂ concentration, is conducive to plant growth, enhancing plant photosynthesis and increasing the input of organic carbon into the soil. Under the action of microorganisms, these exogenous organic carbons are transformed into stable carbon sources, which can directly boost the respiratory activity of microorganisms. The proportion of fungi in soil microorganisms decreases while that of bacteria rises, having an adverse effect on soil carbon pool storage. Plant Functional Groups (BFGs) promote the release of the soil labile organic carbon pool and increase the carbon mineralization rate of soil microorganisms. When evaluating the response of the multifunctionality of agroecosystems (EMF), it is necessary to consider not only microbial diversity but also their interactions. This is of great significance for predicting changes in ecosystem functions under future climate change scenarios. By exploring the relationship among climate, microorganisms, and SOC from multiple perspectives, it is conducive to giving full play to the soil carbon sink effect against the backdrop of global change and providing theoretical and policy bases for achieving “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”.展开更多
为进一步了解和明确湿地生态系统服务功能研究的全球现状和热点,采用文献计量学的方法,对2002—2022年间发表在Web of Science核心数据库中的文献进行了研究热点和趋势分析。利用VOS viewer软件对湿地生态系统服务功能研究的发文量、国...为进一步了解和明确湿地生态系统服务功能研究的全球现状和热点,采用文献计量学的方法,对2002—2022年间发表在Web of Science核心数据库中的文献进行了研究热点和趋势分析。利用VOS viewer软件对湿地生态系统服务功能研究的发文量、国家、核心作者、研究结构、研究热点等进行文献计量和可视化分析。结果表明:该领域论文发表数量呈现总体上升的趋势;美国和中国是该研究领域发表论文数量最多的两个国家;中国科学院和美国地质勘探局是发文量最多的研究机构;对高频关键词进行类群整理明确研究热点为“Benefit”、“Soil”、“China”、和“Marsh”,与湿地生态系统服务功能有十分紧密的学术联系,也为未来该领域的发展提供了研究方向的多样性。本研究为相关科研工作者在湿地生态系统服务研究态势和未来研究热点提供了借鉴和参考。展开更多
研究有机肥替代部分化肥氮对糯玉米产量、品质及氮素利用的影响,探索糯玉米生产中有机肥与化肥的最佳配施比例,为河北省鲜食糯玉米优质栽培提供理论依据。2021和2022年设置田间试验,以糯玉米品种斯达糯41为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,...研究有机肥替代部分化肥氮对糯玉米产量、品质及氮素利用的影响,探索糯玉米生产中有机肥与化肥的最佳配施比例,为河北省鲜食糯玉米优质栽培提供理论依据。2021和2022年设置田间试验,以糯玉米品种斯达糯41为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,设置不施氮(T1)、常量化肥氮(T2)、有机肥替代20%化肥氮(T3)、有机肥替代40%化肥氮(T4)、有机肥替代60%化肥氮(T5)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(T6)共6个处理。结果表明,与T2处理相比,T3、T4和T5处理提高了糯玉米鲜果穗产量,分别增加3.08%、13.61%、3.20%;T3~T6处理下氮素利用效率降低,T3、T4和T5处理氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率增加。与T2处理相比,T3~T5处理提高了糯玉米外观和品尝品质评分,其中T4处理总评分最高,这主要是因为有机肥替代部分化肥氮增加了籽粒总淀粉和支链淀粉含量,降低了籽粒蛋白质和可溶性糖含量,同时改善了籽粒质构特性,籽粒硬度、弹性和咀嚼性增加,内聚性降低。综上所述,在总施氮量为180 kg hm^(–2)条件下,有机肥替代部分化肥氮的比例为总施氮量40%时可以实现糯玉米鲜果穗产量和品质的协同提高。展开更多
文摘全球气候变化对陆地生态系统的功能产生了重要影响,土壤有机碳(SOC)是维持陆地生态系统生产力和可持续性的关键,以CO2为主的温室气体的过量排放导致全球气候持续变暖。微生物是SOC周转的动力,是全球变暖影响SOC储量与化学特性的关键媒介。气候变暖导致大部分农田和森林的有机碳储量下降,但草原的有机碳含量升高,这可能与微生物对有机碳的异化分解和同化固定之间的权衡有关。气温的升高和与之相伴的CO2浓度升高有利于植物生长,使得植物光合作用增强,向土壤中输入的有机碳增加,这些外源有机碳在微生物的作用下转化为稳定碳源,可直接提高微生物的呼吸活性,真菌在土壤微生物中的比例降低,而细菌所占的比例升高,对土壤碳库的储存产生不利影响。植物功能群(BFGs)促进土壤活性有机碳库的释放,提高土壤微生物的碳矿化速率。在评估农业生态系统多功能性(EMF)响应时,不仅要考虑微生物多样性,还要考虑它们之间的相互作用,这对预测未来气候变化情景下生态系统功能的变化具有重要意义。从多角度入手,深入认识气候–微生物-SOC之间的关系,有利于在全球变化的大背景下,充分发挥土壤碳汇效应,为实现“碳达峰”和“碳中和”提供理论与政策依据。Global climate change has a significant impact on the functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is crucial for maintaining the productivity and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems. The excessive emission of greenhouse gases, mainly CO₂, has led to continuous global warming. Microorganisms are the driving force behind SOC turnover and the key medium through which global warming affects SOC reserves and chemical properties. Climate warming has caused a decline in the organic carbon reserves of most farmlands and forests, but an increase in the organic carbon content of grasslands. This may be related to the trade-off between the dissimilatory decomposition and assimilatory fixation of organic carbon by microorganisms. The rise in temperature, accompanied by an increase in CO₂ concentration, is conducive to plant growth, enhancing plant photosynthesis and increasing the input of organic carbon into the soil. Under the action of microorganisms, these exogenous organic carbons are transformed into stable carbon sources, which can directly boost the respiratory activity of microorganisms. The proportion of fungi in soil microorganisms decreases while that of bacteria rises, having an adverse effect on soil carbon pool storage. Plant Functional Groups (BFGs) promote the release of the soil labile organic carbon pool and increase the carbon mineralization rate of soil microorganisms. When evaluating the response of the multifunctionality of agroecosystems (EMF), it is necessary to consider not only microbial diversity but also their interactions. This is of great significance for predicting changes in ecosystem functions under future climate change scenarios. By exploring the relationship among climate, microorganisms, and SOC from multiple perspectives, it is conducive to giving full play to the soil carbon sink effect against the backdrop of global change and providing theoretical and policy bases for achieving “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”.
文摘为进一步了解和明确湿地生态系统服务功能研究的全球现状和热点,采用文献计量学的方法,对2002—2022年间发表在Web of Science核心数据库中的文献进行了研究热点和趋势分析。利用VOS viewer软件对湿地生态系统服务功能研究的发文量、国家、核心作者、研究结构、研究热点等进行文献计量和可视化分析。结果表明:该领域论文发表数量呈现总体上升的趋势;美国和中国是该研究领域发表论文数量最多的两个国家;中国科学院和美国地质勘探局是发文量最多的研究机构;对高频关键词进行类群整理明确研究热点为“Benefit”、“Soil”、“China”、和“Marsh”,与湿地生态系统服务功能有十分紧密的学术联系,也为未来该领域的发展提供了研究方向的多样性。本研究为相关科研工作者在湿地生态系统服务研究态势和未来研究热点提供了借鉴和参考。
文摘研究有机肥替代部分化肥氮对糯玉米产量、品质及氮素利用的影响,探索糯玉米生产中有机肥与化肥的最佳配施比例,为河北省鲜食糯玉米优质栽培提供理论依据。2021和2022年设置田间试验,以糯玉米品种斯达糯41为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,设置不施氮(T1)、常量化肥氮(T2)、有机肥替代20%化肥氮(T3)、有机肥替代40%化肥氮(T4)、有机肥替代60%化肥氮(T5)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(T6)共6个处理。结果表明,与T2处理相比,T3、T4和T5处理提高了糯玉米鲜果穗产量,分别增加3.08%、13.61%、3.20%;T3~T6处理下氮素利用效率降低,T3、T4和T5处理氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率增加。与T2处理相比,T3~T5处理提高了糯玉米外观和品尝品质评分,其中T4处理总评分最高,这主要是因为有机肥替代部分化肥氮增加了籽粒总淀粉和支链淀粉含量,降低了籽粒蛋白质和可溶性糖含量,同时改善了籽粒质构特性,籽粒硬度、弹性和咀嚼性增加,内聚性降低。综上所述,在总施氮量为180 kg hm^(–2)条件下,有机肥替代部分化肥氮的比例为总施氮量40%时可以实现糯玉米鲜果穗产量和品质的协同提高。
