Multi-proxy data from pollen,phytolith and archaeology are combined to discuss the possible relationship between early agricultural activity and natural environment(especially water condition)during late Liangzhu peri...Multi-proxy data from pollen,phytolith and archaeology are combined to discuss the possible relationship between early agricultural activity and natural environment(especially water condition)during late Liangzhu period at Bianjiashan site,Zhejiang Province.Three stages of human impact changes are defined.During the first stage,pollen assemblage indicated a well-diversified broadleaved evergreen and deciduous forest(dominated by evergreen/deciduous Quercus,Altingia,Liquidambar,Tilia,Zelkova,Juglans,etc),which corresponds to a warm and wet condition.Rice pollen and phytolith records show rice agricultural cultivation on the low-lying field area.With the rise of the precipitation(during the second stage),rice glum phytolith decreases,and tree phytolith goes up,which reflects the intense deforestation,corresponding to the excavation of flood control facilities,i.e.the dock.Because of poor pollen preservation at the third stage,phytolith analysis provides an alternate means for understanding the relationship between man and nature.At this stage,wild grasses and reed flourished in the low-lying plain area nearby the site,rice agricultural activity continued.The variation of tree pollen concentration shows the intensification of human impact since late Liangzhu Culture period.展开更多
We studied oviposition sites and their effects on the reproductive success of the Chinhai salamander (Echinotriton chinhaiensis) .The results showed that: (1) the female had strong preferences for spawning sites and o...We studied oviposition sites and their effects on the reproductive success of the Chinhai salamander (Echinotriton chinhaiensis) .The results showed that: (1) the female had strong preferences for spawning sites and oviposition microhabitat; (2) the most suitable oviposition sites were 30 cm higher than water level and 45 cm from the water body; (3) oviposition sites usually overlapped;(4) embryos could develop and hatch normally in water as well as on land. The hatching rate on land was high (94 3%), but the number of hatchlings that successfully migrated to water was low (52%±11%, n =3 in the laboratory, and approximatly 20% in nature). Based on the situation in laboratory, the average hatchling survival rate at all oviposition sites was 36 7%. Owing to oviposition on land, the reproductive success of Chinhai salamander was very low;(5) protecting the spawning sites and increasing the hatchling survival rate are the keys to conserving this species.展开更多
文摘Multi-proxy data from pollen,phytolith and archaeology are combined to discuss the possible relationship between early agricultural activity and natural environment(especially water condition)during late Liangzhu period at Bianjiashan site,Zhejiang Province.Three stages of human impact changes are defined.During the first stage,pollen assemblage indicated a well-diversified broadleaved evergreen and deciduous forest(dominated by evergreen/deciduous Quercus,Altingia,Liquidambar,Tilia,Zelkova,Juglans,etc),which corresponds to a warm and wet condition.Rice pollen and phytolith records show rice agricultural cultivation on the low-lying field area.With the rise of the precipitation(during the second stage),rice glum phytolith decreases,and tree phytolith goes up,which reflects the intense deforestation,corresponding to the excavation of flood control facilities,i.e.the dock.Because of poor pollen preservation at the third stage,phytolith analysis provides an alternate means for understanding the relationship between man and nature.At this stage,wild grasses and reed flourished in the low-lying plain area nearby the site,rice agricultural activity continued.The variation of tree pollen concentration shows the intensification of human impact since late Liangzhu Culture period.
文摘We studied oviposition sites and their effects on the reproductive success of the Chinhai salamander (Echinotriton chinhaiensis) .The results showed that: (1) the female had strong preferences for spawning sites and oviposition microhabitat; (2) the most suitable oviposition sites were 30 cm higher than water level and 45 cm from the water body; (3) oviposition sites usually overlapped;(4) embryos could develop and hatch normally in water as well as on land. The hatching rate on land was high (94 3%), but the number of hatchlings that successfully migrated to water was low (52%±11%, n =3 in the laboratory, and approximatly 20% in nature). Based on the situation in laboratory, the average hatchling survival rate at all oviposition sites was 36 7%. Owing to oviposition on land, the reproductive success of Chinhai salamander was very low;(5) protecting the spawning sites and increasing the hatchling survival rate are the keys to conserving this species.
