目的:探讨口腔专科联盟建设中以问题为中心(Problem Based Learning,PBL)教学法在口腔外科的运用。方法:对联盟单位的口腔外科医生分别在采用PBL教学模式前后进行理论测试和临床技能考核,分析其考核成绩和存在的问题。结果:联盟单位的...目的:探讨口腔专科联盟建设中以问题为中心(Problem Based Learning,PBL)教学法在口腔外科的运用。方法:对联盟单位的口腔外科医生分别在采用PBL教学模式前后进行理论测试和临床技能考核,分析其考核成绩和存在的问题。结果:联盟单位的口腔外科医生的基础理论和临床技能两项指标均有所提高,在采用PBL教学前后存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:口腔专科联盟建设中运用PBL教学模式有利于提高教学效率和临床教学质量。展开更多
间充质干细胞(MSCs)是一种具有自我更新能力的细胞,这些细胞具有多项分化能力,且这些细胞表现出多种特征,如它们的分泌作用、向病变区域的迁移和免疫调节潜力,使它们成为神经退行性疾病细胞治疗的候选者。大量研究表明间充质干细胞可以...间充质干细胞(MSCs)是一种具有自我更新能力的细胞,这些细胞具有多项分化能力,且这些细胞表现出多种特征,如它们的分泌作用、向病变区域的迁移和免疫调节潜力,使它们成为神经退行性疾病细胞治疗的候选者。大量研究表明间充质干细胞可以经过刺激后分化为神经元。然而,尽管直接将原始且未分化的间充质干细胞移植到神经退行性疾病动物模型的多项试验取得了积极的结果,但一些研究表明,若在间充质干细胞移植治疗之前,应用组织工程学技术刺激间充质干细胞向神经元谱系分化,可以增强其获得的治疗效果。诱导间充质干细胞神经向分化的方法有多种,包括化学物质、生长因子、与神经谱系细胞共培养、基因转染、miRNA等,其中化学物质中小分子物质的效果尤为突出,采用一种或某几种小分子物质的组合可高效快捷地诱导间充质干细胞向神经向分化。因此,文章将论述回顾以往小分子物质促进间充质干细胞向神经系统细胞分化的研究进展,以为其应用于临床神经退行性疾病间充质干细胞治疗的研究提供基础。Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess self-renewal capacity, exhibit multiple differentiation potentials, and demonstrate key characteristics such as a secretory role, lesion-site migration, and immunomodulatory potential, rendering them strong candidates for neurodegenerative disease therapy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that MSCs can be effectively stimulated to differentiate into neurons. While positive results have been observed in studies directly transplanting primitive, undifferentiated MSCs into animal models of neurodegenerative disease, evidence suggests that preconditioning MSCs through tissue engineering techniques to induce neuronal differentiation can significantly enhance their therapeutic effects. Various strategies, such as chemical substances, growth factors, co-culture with neural cells, gene transfection, and miRNA, can induce the neural differentiation of MSCs. Among these, small molecules derived from chemical substances are particularly effective, as they efficiently and rapidly induce the neural differentiation of MSCs, either alone or in combination. This review aims to analyze advancements in the use of small molecules to promote MSC differentiation into neural cells, providing insights into their potential applications in MSC-based therapies for clinical neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
唇癌是一种影响口腔颌面部外观和功能的非常见肿瘤,90%以上发生在下唇。唇癌的首选治疗方法是手术切除。然而,使用扇形皮瓣修复唇癌术后缺损的方法很难统一且难以掌握。本研究选择了2008年1月至2023年12月在我院口腔颌面外科治疗的16例...唇癌是一种影响口腔颌面部外观和功能的非常见肿瘤,90%以上发生在下唇。唇癌的首选治疗方法是手术切除。然而,使用扇形皮瓣修复唇癌术后缺损的方法很难统一且难以掌握。本研究选择了2008年1月至2023年12月在我院口腔颌面外科治疗的16例下唇鳞状细胞癌患者。所有患者均接受了根治性肿瘤切除术,并采用改良双侧扇形瓣重建缺损。所有患者出院时均有较为严重的张口受限,有2名患者在为期两年的随访期间因自觉张口受限影响日常生活而接受了小口畸形开大手术,其余患者均恢复至中度或轻度张口受限,所有患者均获得了满意的功能及美观疗效。因此,本研究采用的改良双侧扇形瓣修复下唇鳞状细胞癌切除术后缺损能最大限度地修复唇部的美学和功能,是一种在精确算法下可靠的手术方法。但这种改良皮瓣的疗效和适应证还需要更多的数据来验证,以最大限度地改善术后口腔的美观和功能。Lip cancer is a rare tumor that affects the appearance and function of the oral and maxillofacial region, with over 90% of cases occurring on the lower lip. The preferred treatment for lip cancer is surgical resection. However, the method of using fan-shaped flaps to repair the postoperative defect of lip cancer is difficult to standardize and master. This study selected 16 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip who were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of our hospital from January 2008 to December 2023. All patients underwent radical tumor resection, and the defect was reconstructed using an improved bilateral fan-shaped flap. All patients had severe trismus at discharge. 2 patients underwent microstomia dilation surgery during the two-year follow-up period due to self-perceived limited mouth opening that affected their daily life, the remaining patients recovered to moderate or mild trismus. All patients achieved satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes. Therefore, the improved bilateral fan-shaped flap used in this study to repair the defect after resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip can restore the aesthetics and function of the lip to the greatest extent and is a reliable surgical method under precise algorithm. However, the efficacy and indications of this improved flap still require more data for verification to maximize the improvement of postoperative oral aesthetics and function.展开更多
上颌窦的解剖结构特性导致异物易进入窦腔内形成上颌窦异物。大部分上颌窦异物为医源性和外伤性,如断根、移位牙种植体、牙科充填材料等。上颌窦异物若不及时取出,可能会引起上颌窦炎、眶底感染甚至颅内感染。目前,针对上颌窦异物存在...上颌窦的解剖结构特性导致异物易进入窦腔内形成上颌窦异物。大部分上颌窦异物为医源性和外伤性,如断根、移位牙种植体、牙科充填材料等。上颌窦异物若不及时取出,可能会引起上颌窦炎、眶底感染甚至颅内感染。目前,针对上颌窦异物存在多种手术取出方式,如上颌窦前壁开窗术,内镜联合鼻内或口内入路探查取出术等。本研究总结了功能性内镜及上颌窦前壁开窗在上颌窦异物取出术中的应用进展及其优缺点,为临床应用提供参考。The anatomical characteristics of the maxillary sinus make it easy for foreign bodies to enter the sinus cavity and form maxillary sinus foreign bodies. Most maxillary sinus foreign bodies are iatrogenic and traumatic, such as fractured tooth roots, displaced dental implants, dental fillings, etc. If the foreign body in the maxillary sinus is not removed in time, it may cause maxillary sinusitis, orbital floor infection, and even intracranial infection. At present, there are various surgical methods for removing foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus, such as maxillary sinus anterior wall fenestration, endoscopic combined nasal or oral approach exploration and removal, etc. This study summarizes the application progress and advantages and disadvantages of functional endoscopy and maxillary sinus anterior wall fenestration in maxillary sinus foreign body removal surgery, providing a reference for clinical application.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨口腔专科联盟建设中以问题为中心(Problem Based Learning,PBL)教学法在口腔外科的运用。方法:对联盟单位的口腔外科医生分别在采用PBL教学模式前后进行理论测试和临床技能考核,分析其考核成绩和存在的问题。结果:联盟单位的口腔外科医生的基础理论和临床技能两项指标均有所提高,在采用PBL教学前后存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:口腔专科联盟建设中运用PBL教学模式有利于提高教学效率和临床教学质量。
文摘间充质干细胞(MSCs)是一种具有自我更新能力的细胞,这些细胞具有多项分化能力,且这些细胞表现出多种特征,如它们的分泌作用、向病变区域的迁移和免疫调节潜力,使它们成为神经退行性疾病细胞治疗的候选者。大量研究表明间充质干细胞可以经过刺激后分化为神经元。然而,尽管直接将原始且未分化的间充质干细胞移植到神经退行性疾病动物模型的多项试验取得了积极的结果,但一些研究表明,若在间充质干细胞移植治疗之前,应用组织工程学技术刺激间充质干细胞向神经元谱系分化,可以增强其获得的治疗效果。诱导间充质干细胞神经向分化的方法有多种,包括化学物质、生长因子、与神经谱系细胞共培养、基因转染、miRNA等,其中化学物质中小分子物质的效果尤为突出,采用一种或某几种小分子物质的组合可高效快捷地诱导间充质干细胞向神经向分化。因此,文章将论述回顾以往小分子物质促进间充质干细胞向神经系统细胞分化的研究进展,以为其应用于临床神经退行性疾病间充质干细胞治疗的研究提供基础。Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess self-renewal capacity, exhibit multiple differentiation potentials, and demonstrate key characteristics such as a secretory role, lesion-site migration, and immunomodulatory potential, rendering them strong candidates for neurodegenerative disease therapy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that MSCs can be effectively stimulated to differentiate into neurons. While positive results have been observed in studies directly transplanting primitive, undifferentiated MSCs into animal models of neurodegenerative disease, evidence suggests that preconditioning MSCs through tissue engineering techniques to induce neuronal differentiation can significantly enhance their therapeutic effects. Various strategies, such as chemical substances, growth factors, co-culture with neural cells, gene transfection, and miRNA, can induce the neural differentiation of MSCs. Among these, small molecules derived from chemical substances are particularly effective, as they efficiently and rapidly induce the neural differentiation of MSCs, either alone or in combination. This review aims to analyze advancements in the use of small molecules to promote MSC differentiation into neural cells, providing insights into their potential applications in MSC-based therapies for clinical neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘唇癌是一种影响口腔颌面部外观和功能的非常见肿瘤,90%以上发生在下唇。唇癌的首选治疗方法是手术切除。然而,使用扇形皮瓣修复唇癌术后缺损的方法很难统一且难以掌握。本研究选择了2008年1月至2023年12月在我院口腔颌面外科治疗的16例下唇鳞状细胞癌患者。所有患者均接受了根治性肿瘤切除术,并采用改良双侧扇形瓣重建缺损。所有患者出院时均有较为严重的张口受限,有2名患者在为期两年的随访期间因自觉张口受限影响日常生活而接受了小口畸形开大手术,其余患者均恢复至中度或轻度张口受限,所有患者均获得了满意的功能及美观疗效。因此,本研究采用的改良双侧扇形瓣修复下唇鳞状细胞癌切除术后缺损能最大限度地修复唇部的美学和功能,是一种在精确算法下可靠的手术方法。但这种改良皮瓣的疗效和适应证还需要更多的数据来验证,以最大限度地改善术后口腔的美观和功能。Lip cancer is a rare tumor that affects the appearance and function of the oral and maxillofacial region, with over 90% of cases occurring on the lower lip. The preferred treatment for lip cancer is surgical resection. However, the method of using fan-shaped flaps to repair the postoperative defect of lip cancer is difficult to standardize and master. This study selected 16 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip who were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of our hospital from January 2008 to December 2023. All patients underwent radical tumor resection, and the defect was reconstructed using an improved bilateral fan-shaped flap. All patients had severe trismus at discharge. 2 patients underwent microstomia dilation surgery during the two-year follow-up period due to self-perceived limited mouth opening that affected their daily life, the remaining patients recovered to moderate or mild trismus. All patients achieved satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes. Therefore, the improved bilateral fan-shaped flap used in this study to repair the defect after resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip can restore the aesthetics and function of the lip to the greatest extent and is a reliable surgical method under precise algorithm. However, the efficacy and indications of this improved flap still require more data for verification to maximize the improvement of postoperative oral aesthetics and function.
文摘上颌窦的解剖结构特性导致异物易进入窦腔内形成上颌窦异物。大部分上颌窦异物为医源性和外伤性,如断根、移位牙种植体、牙科充填材料等。上颌窦异物若不及时取出,可能会引起上颌窦炎、眶底感染甚至颅内感染。目前,针对上颌窦异物存在多种手术取出方式,如上颌窦前壁开窗术,内镜联合鼻内或口内入路探查取出术等。本研究总结了功能性内镜及上颌窦前壁开窗在上颌窦异物取出术中的应用进展及其优缺点,为临床应用提供参考。The anatomical characteristics of the maxillary sinus make it easy for foreign bodies to enter the sinus cavity and form maxillary sinus foreign bodies. Most maxillary sinus foreign bodies are iatrogenic and traumatic, such as fractured tooth roots, displaced dental implants, dental fillings, etc. If the foreign body in the maxillary sinus is not removed in time, it may cause maxillary sinusitis, orbital floor infection, and even intracranial infection. At present, there are various surgical methods for removing foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus, such as maxillary sinus anterior wall fenestration, endoscopic combined nasal or oral approach exploration and removal, etc. This study summarizes the application progress and advantages and disadvantages of functional endoscopy and maxillary sinus anterior wall fenestration in maxillary sinus foreign body removal surgery, providing a reference for clinical application.
