Objective The results of limited studies on the relationship between environmental pollution and dementia have been contradictory.We analyzed the combined effects of PM_(2.5)and smoking on the prevalence of dementia a...Objective The results of limited studies on the relationship between environmental pollution and dementia have been contradictory.We analyzed the combined effects of PM_(2.5)and smoking on the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in an elderly community-dwelling Chinese population.Methods We assessed 24,117 individuals along with the annual average PM_(2.5)concentrations from 2012 to 2016.Dementia was confirmed in the baseline survey at a qualified clinical facility,and newly suspected dementia was assessed in 2017,after excluding cases of suspected dementia in 2015.National census data were used to weight the sample data to reflect the entire population in China,with multiple logistic regression performed to analyze the combined effects of PM_(2.5)and smoking frequency on dementia and cognitive impairment.Results Individuals exposed to the highest PM_(2.5)concentration and smoked daily were at higher risk of dementia than those in the lowest PM_(2.5)concentration group(OR,1.603;95%CI[1.626−1.635],P<0.0001)and in the nonsmoking group(OR,1.248;95%CI[1.244−1.252];P<0.0001).Moderate PM_(2.5)exposure and occasional smoking together increased the short-term risk of cognitive impairment.Highlevel PM_(2.5)exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia,so more efforts are needed to reduce this risk through environmental protection and antismoking campaigns.Conclusion High-level PM_(2.5)exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia.Lowering the ambient PM_(2.5),and smoking cessation are recommended to promote health.展开更多
Objective To examine the mechanistic of organochlorine-associated changes in lung function.Methods This study investigated 76 healthy older adults in Jinan,Shandong Province,over a fivemonth period.Personal exposure t...Objective To examine the mechanistic of organochlorine-associated changes in lung function.Methods This study investigated 76 healthy older adults in Jinan,Shandong Province,over a fivemonth period.Personal exposure to organochlorines was quantified using wearable passive samplers,while inflammatory factors and thyroid hormones were analyzed from blood samples.Participants’lung function was evaluated.After stratifying participants according to their thyroid hormone levels,we analyzed the differential effects of organochlorine exposure on lung function and inflammatory factors across the low and high thyroid hormone groups.Mediation analysis was further conducted to elucidate the relationships among organochlorine exposures,inflammatory factors,and lung function.Results Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether(BCIE),was negatively associated with forced vital capacity(FVC,–2.05%,95%CI:–3.11%to–0.97%),and associated with changes in inflammatory factors such as interleukin(IL)-2,IL-7,IL-8,and IL-13 in the low thyroid hormone group.The mediation analysis indicated a mediating effect of IL-2(15.63%,95%CI:0.91%to 44.64%)and IL-13(13.94%,95%CI:0.52%to 41.07%)in the association between BCIE exposure and FVC.Conclusion Lung function and inflammatory factors exhibited an increased sensitivity to organochlorine exposure at lower thyroid hormone levels,with inflammatory factors potentially mediating the adverse effects of organochlorines on lung function.展开更多
In recent decades, the ecological environment has been increasingly challenged by the development of global industrialization and urbanization all over the world, even as global attention for health has raised dramati...In recent decades, the ecological environment has been increasingly challenged by the development of global industrialization and urbanization all over the world, even as global attention for health has raised dramatically. Common global environmental issues, such as air pollution and noise pollution, are associated with lasting impacts on health and contribute significantly to the overall burden of disease. Moreover, a global disparity exists between the burden of such environmental health issues and the global resources available to address this issue. To alleviate the environmental health impacts and ensure a sustainable future for human beings, China has made an important contribution to improving access to ecological protection, environmental governance, patriotic health campaigns, smart city construction, and so on. Experiences gained in China may be useful for some other countries, particularly the low- and middle-income countries with limited sources.展开更多
The main transmission routes of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)include droplet and contact transmission.Airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which aerosol-generating proce...The main transmission routes of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)include droplet and contact transmission.Airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which aerosol-generating procedures are performed^([1]).In2020,more than 83.4 million confirmed cases of COVID-19,including more than 1.8 million deaths.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden on many healthcare systems and in the process,exposed the need for medical resources and physical space.While few studies discussed the efficient uti...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden on many healthcare systems and in the process,exposed the need for medical resources and physical space.While few studies discussed the efficient utilization of medical resources and physical space so far.Therefore,this study aimed to summarize experiences related to facilities used for centralized isolation for medical observation and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to provide suggestions to further improve the management of confirmed cases,suspected cases,and close contacts.In China,three types of facilities for centralized isolation(Fangcang shelter hospitals,refitted non-designated hospitals,and quarantine hotels)underwent retrofitting for the treatment and isolation of confirmed and suspected cases.These facilities mitigated the immediate high demand for space.Moreover,in order to minimize infection risks in these facilities,regulators and governmental agencies implemented new designs,management measures,and precautionary measures to minimize infection risk.Other countries and regions could refer to China’s experience in optimally allocating social resources in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.As a conclusion,government should allocate social resources and construct centralized isolation and quarantine facilities for an emergency response,health authorities should issue regulations for centralized isolation facilities and pay strict attention to the daily management of these facilities,a multidisciplinary administration team is required to support the daily operation of a centralized isolation facility,in-depth studies and international collaboration on the centralized isolation policy are encouraged.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the associations of sarcopenia,handgrip strength and calf circumference with cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults.Methods Totally 2,525 older adults were recruited from the Healthy Agi...Objective To evaluate the associations of sarcopenia,handgrip strength and calf circumference with cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults.Methods Totally 2,525 older adults were recruited from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study.Cognitive impairment was assessed by the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination.Handgrip strength was calculated from the means of the right and left hand values.Calf circumference was measured at the site of maximum circumference of the non-dominant leg.The formula developed by Ishii was used to define sarcopenia.Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of sarcopenia,handgrip strength,and calf circumference with cognitive impairment.Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 34.36%.The adjusted odds ratio(OR)for cognitive impairment in individuals with sarcopenia was 2.55[95% confidence interval(95%CI):1.86-3.50].Compared with individuals in the first quartile(Q1)of calf circumference,the adjusted ORs in the second,third,and fourth quartiles(Q_(2),Q_(3),and Q_(4))were 0.75(95% CI:0.58-0.96),0.59(95% CI:0.44-0.79),and 0.62(95% CI:0.45-0.8),respectively.Compared with individuals in Q1 of handgrip strength,the adjusted ORs for Q_(2),Q_(3),and Q_(4) were 0.49(95%CI:0.38-0.62),0.31(95% CI:0.23-0.41),and 0.30(95%CI:0.21-0.44),respectively.Conclusion Sarcopenia,identified by low handgrip strength and low calf circumference,was positively associated with cognitive impairment.展开更多
Objective The study aimed to analyze the applicability of the World Health Organization’s exclusionary guidelines for Urinary creatinine(Ucr)in the general Chinese population,and to identify Ucr related factors.Metho...Objective The study aimed to analyze the applicability of the World Health Organization’s exclusionary guidelines for Urinary creatinine(Ucr)in the general Chinese population,and to identify Ucr related factors.Methods We conduct a cross-sectional study using baseline data from 21,167 participants in the China National Human Biomonitoring Program.Mixed linear models and restricted cubic splines(RCS)were used to analyze the associations between explanatory variables and Ucr concentration.Results The geometric mean and median concentrations of Ucr in the general Chinese population were 0.90 g/L and 1.01 g/L,respectively.And 9.36%samples were outside 0.3-3.0 g/L,including 7.83%below the lower limit and 1.53%above the upper limit.Middle age,male,obesity,smoking,higher frequency of red meat consumption and chronic kidney disease were associated significantly with higher concentrations of Ucr.Results of the RCS showed Ucr was positively and linearly associated with body mass index,inversely and linearly associated with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides level,and glomerular filtration rate,and were non-linearly associated with triiodothyronine.Conclusion The age-and gender-specific cut-off values of Ucr that determine the validity of urine samples in the general Chinese population were recommended.To avoid introducing bias into epidemiologic associations,the potential predictors of Ucr observed in the current study should be considered when using Ucr to adjust for variations in urine dilution.展开更多
The etiology for the high tumor mortality in heavy polluted Yinghe river basin is still unclear and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)belong to the priority pollutants in water based on the former surveillance dat...The etiology for the high tumor mortality in heavy polluted Yinghe river basin is still unclear and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)belong to the priority pollutants in water based on the former surveillance data.In order to explore the potential genotoxicants contributing to the double-endpoint genotoxicity of polluted drinking water source,12 groundwater and 3 surface water samples were collected from 3 villages and the nearby rivers alongside Yinghe river basin,respectively and their comprehensive genotoxicity was estimated with a bioassay group of sOS/umu test and micronucleus(MN)test(MNT).Some groundwater samples showed positive genotoxicity and all surface water samples were highly genotoxic.Eight groundwater samples showed DNA genotoxic effct with the average 4-NQO equivalent concentration(TEQ_(4-NQO))of 0.067μg/L and 0.089μg/L in wet and dry season,respectively.The average MN ratios of groundwater samples were 14.19‰ and 17.52‰ in wet and dry season,respectively.Groundwater samples showed different genotoxic effect among 3 villages.The total PAHs concentrations in all water samples ranged from 8.98 to 25.17 ng/L with an average of 14.97±4.85 ng/L.BaA,CHR,BkF,BaP and DBA were the main carcinogenic PAHs contributing to the genotoxicity of water samples.In conclusion,carcinogenic PAHs are possibly related to the high tumor mortality in the target area.Characterization of carcinogenic PAHs to genotoxicity of drinking water source may shed light on the etiology study for high tumor mortality in Yinghe river basin.Key words:genotoxicity test;drinking water source;high tumor mortality;Yinghe river basin;polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)展开更多
Introduction:This study introduces a novel method for developing an advanced exposure conceptual model tailored for health risk assessment,focusing on microenvironments.Methods:The research was conducted at a major sm...Introduction:This study introduces a novel method for developing an advanced exposure conceptual model tailored for health risk assessment,focusing on microenvironments.Methods:The research was conducted at a major smelter in China to assess the health risks associated with trace metals(TMs)pollutants in the facility and the surrounding soil.Results:Deterministic risk assessment indicated that cobalt,cadmium,antimony,manganese,arsenic,plumbum,and mercury(Co,Cd,Sb,Mn,As,Pb,and Hg)necessitated further evaluation through probabilistic risk assessment to assess potential health risks to residents.The 95%quantile concentrations of other TMs were found to be within acceptable health risk limits.For the probabilistic risk assessment,exposure parameters such as body weight,respiration rate,and exposure duration were collected using a questionnaire.This targeted assessment of the residential microenvironment revealed it as the site of the highest carcinogenic(CR)and non-carcinogenic risks(NCR),with values ranging from 2.84×10-5 to 6.7×10-5 and 1.59 to 5.57,respectively.Conclusion:The primary contaminants posing the greatest health risks in residential and industrial areas have been identified as As,Pb,and Mn.The probabilistic health risk model,which focuses on microenvironmental factors,yields more precise results and offers a valuable tool for managing soil health risks.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Limited evidence on healthy longevity was provided in the world,and no studies investigated the fractions of healthy longevity attributed to modifiable factors.What is ad...Summary What is already known about this topic?Limited evidence on healthy longevity was provided in the world,and no studies investigated the fractions of healthy longevity attributed to modifiable factors.What is added by this report?Incidences of longevity and healthy longevity in China are provided.It reveals that the total weighted population attributable fractions for lifestyles and all modifiable factors were 32.8% and 83.7% for longevity,respectively,and 30.4% and 73.4% for healthy longevity,respectively.What are the implications for public health practice?China has a high potential for longevity and healthy longevity.Strategies may be targeted at education and residence in early life as well as healthy lifestyles,disease prevention,and functional optimization in late life.展开更多
Cold spells are extreme weather events characterized by the invasion of cold air from high latitudes into the middle and low latitudes,resulting in significant cooling.Cold spells have various adverse health effects,i...Cold spells are extreme weather events characterized by the invasion of cold air from high latitudes into the middle and low latitudes,resulting in significant cooling.Cold spells have various adverse health effects,including epidermal damage,respiratory tract spasms,respiratory immune abnormalities,acute cardiopulmonary diseases,and exacerbation of urinary and endocrine disorders.In response to the frequent cold spells in recent years.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?The mortality rate due to pneumonia varies depending on the infectious agents present in a low-temperature environment.What is added by this report?This study aimed to ex...Summary What is already known about this topic?The mortality rate due to pneumonia varies depending on the infectious agents present in a low-temperature environment.What is added by this report?This study aimed to examine the relationship between low temperatures and cold waves and the risk of mortality from infectious pneumonia in the elderly.The findings indicate a significant increase in the risk of infectious pneumonia.展开更多
What is already known on this topic?Exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))was linked to endocrine hormone disruption in the reproductive system.Nonetheless,it was unclear which specific components of PM_(2.5) w...What is already known on this topic?Exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))was linked to endocrine hormone disruption in the reproductive system.Nonetheless,it was unclear which specific components of PM_(2.5) were primarily responsible for these associations.What is added by this report?The study presented the initial epidemiological evidence that brief exposure to PM_(2.5) can elevate estradiol levels in postmenopausal women.Various particle components had unique effects,with watersoluble ions and specific inorganic elements like Ag,As,Cd,Hg,Ni,Sb,Se,Sn,and Tl potentially playing significant roles in increasing estradiol levels.What are the implications for public health practice?The study established that the prevalence of air pollution,along with its specific components,has been recognized as a novel risk factor affecting the balance of sex hormones.展开更多
Background:Substantial progress in air pollution control has brought considerable health benefits in China,but little is known about the spatio-temporal trends of economic burden from air pollution.This study aimed to...Background:Substantial progress in air pollution control has brought considerable health benefits in China,but little is known about the spatio-temporal trends of economic burden from air pollution.This study aimed to explore their spatio-temporal features of disease burden from air pollution in China to provide policy recommendations for efficiently reducing the air pollution and related disease burden in an era of a growing economy.Methods:Using the Global Burden of Disease method and willingness to pay method,we estimated fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and/or ozone(O_(3))related premature mortality and its economic burden across China,and explored their spatio-temporal trends between 2005 and 2017.Results:In 2017,we estimated that the premature mortality and economic burden related to the two pollutants were RMB 0.94 million(68.49 per 100,000)and 1170.31 billion yuan(1.41%of the national gross domestic product[GDP]),respectively.From 2005 to 2017,the total premature mortality was decreasing with the air quality improvement,but the economic burden was increasing along with the economic growth.And the economic growth has contributed more to the growth of economic costs than the economic burden decrease brought by the air quality improvement.The premature mortality and economic burden from O_(3)in the total loss from the two pollutants was substantially lower than that of PM_(2.5),but it was rapidly growing.The O_(3)-contribution was highest in the Yangtze River Delta region,the Fen-Wei Plain region,and some western regions.The proportion of economic burden from PM_(2.5)and O_(3)to GDP significantly declined from 2005 to 2017 and showed a decreasing trend pattern from northeast to southwest.Conclusion:The disease burden from O_(3)is lower than that of PM_(2.5),the O_(3)-contribution has a significantly increasing trend with the growth of economy and O_(3)concentration.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Antimony(Sb)has been identified as a new neurotoxicant that impacts neurological functions in animal studies.However,its effects on the human population remain unknown.What is ad...What is already known about this topic?Antimony(Sb)has been identified as a new neurotoxicant that impacts neurological functions in animal studies.However,its effects on the human population remain unknown.What is added by this report?The study reveals that there is an association between exposure to Sb and a higher incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults.The dose-response curve demonstrates that the risk of cognitive impairment consistently increased with higher levels of Sb exposure without a discernible threshold.What are the implications for public health practice?Reducing exposure to Sb may have a beneficial effect in delaying or preventing the onset of cognitive impairment.This intervention has the potential to significantly decrease the disease burden associated with cognitive impairment,ultimately contributing to social development.展开更多
China has a large number of patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD)and types of other dementia,which places a heavy burden on the public health and medical systems.As global climate change results in more frequent e...China has a large number of patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD)and types of other dementia,which places a heavy burden on the public health and medical systems.As global climate change results in more frequent extreme weather events,and there is a current lack of understanding regarding the impact of non-optimal temperatures,especially cold,on AD and other dementia mortality,the study aimed to identify patterns of temperature sensitivity in order to inform targeted public health strategies.The records of 399,214 decedents aged 60 years and older who died due to AD or other dementias from 2013 to 2020 were obtained from the China Cause of Death Reporting System.Using an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study design,the relationships between ambient temperatures and AD and other dementia mortality were quantified using conditional logistic regression combined with the distributed lag nonlinear model.In addition,the attributable fractions(AFs)of mortality due to non-optimal ambient temperatures were calculated.The study found that both low and high non-optimal temperatures were associated with an increased risk of death from AD and other dementias,with an inverted J-shaped exposure–response curve.Moreover,the AFs of mortality due to full,low and high non-optimal temperatures with lag0–14 were 5.81%(95%empirical confidence interval[eCI]:4.89%,6.72%),5.24%(95%eCI:4.15%,6.27%)and 0.58%(95%eCI:0.27%,0.90%),respectively.Importantly,AFs varied across administrative regions,influenced by factors such as climate,geography,sociodemographic characteristics and socioeconomic factors.These findings can inform clinical and public health practices to reduce the mortality burden due to non-optimal temperatures on elderly populations with AD and other dementias.展开更多
Objective This panel study aimed to determine the acute effects of exposure to fine particulate matter(PM2.5) on schoolchildren’s pulmonary function.Methods We selected 51 schoolchildren aged 9–12 years attending a ...Objective This panel study aimed to determine the acute effects of exposure to fine particulate matter(PM2.5) on schoolchildren’s pulmonary function.Methods We selected 51 schoolchildren aged 9–12 years attending a full-time boarding school in Beijing, China, measured the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations for five consecutive days,calculated the PM2.5 time-weighted individual exposure levels based on the school micro-environmental concentrations and the time activity pattern recorded by schoolchildren, measured schoolchildren’s pulmonary function on the fifth day. The survey was performed three times from December 2018 to April 2019. We used a linear mixed-effects model to evaluate the associations between PM2.5 and pulmonary function.Results During the three surveys, the median PM2.5 time-weighted individual exposure concentrations were 15.30 μg/m3, 48.92 μg/m^3, and 42.89 μg/m^3, respectively. There was a significant difference between the three surveys in vital capacity(VC), forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1) and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC)(P <0.05). The relevance analysis found that PM2.5 had lag effect on schoolchildren’s pulmonary function,each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 could cause largest decreases in FEF25%–75%, FEV1/FVC, FEF75%, and FEV1 on lag 0–1 d(80.44 mL/s, 35.85%, 78.58 mL/s, and 61.34 mL, respectively), and largest decreases in FEF25% on lag 1 d(83.68 mL/s), in VC on lag 4 d(32.34 mL), and in FVC on lag 0–4 d(37.76 mL). Gender subgroup analysis revealed that the increase in PM2.5 caused a decrease in FEV1/FVC and VC on the day of physical examination only in boys, and on lag days it caused changes in different pulmonary function indicators, both for boys and girls, but most of the pulmonary function indicators decreased more in boys than in girls.Conclusion Our findings show that acute PM2.5 exposure has significant effects on pulmonary function within 0–4 d, on both small airway indicators and large airway indicators. Boys’ pulmonary function is more sensitive to PM2.5 than girls.展开更多
Identifying temperature-sensitive diseases,vulnerable populations and attributable disease burden is crucial for the development and implementation of tailored climate change adaptation strategies in the context of cl...Identifying temperature-sensitive diseases,vulnerable populations and attributable disease burden is crucial for the development and implementation of tailored climate change adaptation strategies in the context of climate change,especially through both mortality and morbidity analysis by using the data from same regions and populations.We re-analyzed and outlined the whole picture of the impacts of extreme temperatures on both mortality and morbidity among various populations and regions,based on the researches from a well-planned national project of Scientific Survey of Regional Meteorological Sensitive Diseases(SRMSD)with consistent methodology in China.The twenty-four representative regions of the SRMSD project cover all eleven geographical meteorological divisions in the country,including urban and rural areas.In addition to circulatory and respiratory diseases,we found that neurological diseases,injuries,digestive diseases,endocrine diseases,genitourinary diseases,skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases were sensitive to extreme heat,while digestive diseases were sensitive to extreme cold.The extreme temperature-sensitive diseases and the attributable disease burden varied by region.Females and the elderly people(65 years old and above)were more vulnerable to extreme heat when using mortality as a health outcome,whereas males and the young and middle-aged adults were more vulnerable to morbidity risk from heat.Our findings provide important scientific evidence for regional distribution of temperature-sensitive diseases and identification of vulnerable populations in China.It provides evidence and implications of developing regional heat/cold-exposure intervention policies,especially for hospital emergency departments and ambulance services during hot seasons.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?An increasing number of studies have projected temperature-related mortality,but few consider the change of population’s adaptability to future temperature and mortality burden ...What is already known about this topic?An increasing number of studies have projected temperature-related mortality,but few consider the change of population’s adaptability to future temperature and mortality burden from cold and heat effects.What is added by this report?This study offers a comprehensive characterization of human adaptability and excess mortality burden of temperature across various regions of China.What are the implications for public health practice?The temperature-related excess mortality was projected to increase in the 2050s and decrease in the 2080s.Heat adaptability was projected to increase in the future,but along with the rising temperatures,the heatrelated excess mortality continuously rose,except for the low-speed rising scenario.Although the excess mortality of cold was projected to decrease in the nearer future,it might not keep declining in the long run,due to the decreasing cold-adaptability,which deserves more attention.展开更多
Objective To verify the health advisory for short-term exposure to phenol.Methods The method of this validation experiment was the same as the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)methodology for toxicology experime...Objective To verify the health advisory for short-term exposure to phenol.Methods The method of this validation experiment was the same as the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)methodology for toxicology experiments used to determine phenol drinking water equivalent level(DWEL).Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered phenol in distilled water by gavage at daily doses of 15,30,60,120,and 240 mg/kg body weight(b.w.)from implantation(the 6 th day post-mating)to the day prior to the scheduled caesarean section(the 20th day of pregnancy).The following information was recorded:general behavior;body weight;number of corpus luteum,live birth,fetus,stillbirth,and implantation;fetal gender;body weight;body length;tail length;and abnormalities and pathomorphological changes in the dams.Results In the 60 mg/kg b.w.dose group,the mortality of pregnant rats increased with increasing doses,suggesting maternal toxicity.Fetal and placental weights decreased as phenol dose increased from30 mg/kg b.w.,and were significantly different compared those in the vehicle control group,which suggested developmental toxicity in the fetuses.However,the phenol-exposed groups showed no significant change in other parameters compared with the vehicle control group(P>0.05).Conclusion Despite using the same method as the US EPA,a different NOEAL of 15 mg/(kg·d)was obtained in this study.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Programs of Public Health of the Chinese Ministry of Finance(grant number 131091106000150003)。
文摘Objective The results of limited studies on the relationship between environmental pollution and dementia have been contradictory.We analyzed the combined effects of PM_(2.5)and smoking on the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in an elderly community-dwelling Chinese population.Methods We assessed 24,117 individuals along with the annual average PM_(2.5)concentrations from 2012 to 2016.Dementia was confirmed in the baseline survey at a qualified clinical facility,and newly suspected dementia was assessed in 2017,after excluding cases of suspected dementia in 2015.National census data were used to weight the sample data to reflect the entire population in China,with multiple logistic regression performed to analyze the combined effects of PM_(2.5)and smoking frequency on dementia and cognitive impairment.Results Individuals exposed to the highest PM_(2.5)concentration and smoked daily were at higher risk of dementia than those in the lowest PM_(2.5)concentration group(OR,1.603;95%CI[1.626−1.635],P<0.0001)and in the nonsmoking group(OR,1.248;95%CI[1.244−1.252];P<0.0001).Moderate PM_(2.5)exposure and occasional smoking together increased the short-term risk of cognitive impairment.Highlevel PM_(2.5)exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia,so more efforts are needed to reduce this risk through environmental protection and antismoking campaigns.Conclusion High-level PM_(2.5)exposure and smoking were associated with an increased risk of dementia.Lowering the ambient PM_(2.5),and smoking cessation are recommended to promote health.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3702700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82025030)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control of China(No.DQGG0401)。
文摘Objective To examine the mechanistic of organochlorine-associated changes in lung function.Methods This study investigated 76 healthy older adults in Jinan,Shandong Province,over a fivemonth period.Personal exposure to organochlorines was quantified using wearable passive samplers,while inflammatory factors and thyroid hormones were analyzed from blood samples.Participants’lung function was evaluated.After stratifying participants according to their thyroid hormone levels,we analyzed the differential effects of organochlorine exposure on lung function and inflammatory factors across the low and high thyroid hormone groups.Mediation analysis was further conducted to elucidate the relationships among organochlorine exposures,inflammatory factors,and lung function.Results Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)ether(BCIE),was negatively associated with forced vital capacity(FVC,–2.05%,95%CI:–3.11%to–0.97%),and associated with changes in inflammatory factors such as interleukin(IL)-2,IL-7,IL-8,and IL-13 in the low thyroid hormone group.The mediation analysis indicated a mediating effect of IL-2(15.63%,95%CI:0.91%to 44.64%)and IL-13(13.94%,95%CI:0.52%to 41.07%)in the association between BCIE exposure and FVC.Conclusion Lung function and inflammatory factors exhibited an increased sensitivity to organochlorine exposure at lower thyroid hormone levels,with inflammatory factors potentially mediating the adverse effects of organochlorines on lung function.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0206500)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control of China(No.DQGG0401).
文摘In recent decades, the ecological environment has been increasingly challenged by the development of global industrialization and urbanization all over the world, even as global attention for health has raised dramatically. Common global environmental issues, such as air pollution and noise pollution, are associated with lasting impacts on health and contribute significantly to the overall burden of disease. Moreover, a global disparity exists between the burden of such environmental health issues and the global resources available to address this issue. To alleviate the environmental health impacts and ensure a sustainable future for human beings, China has made an important contribution to improving access to ecological protection, environmental governance, patriotic health campaigns, smart city construction, and so on. Experiences gained in China may be useful for some other countries, particularly the low- and middle-income countries with limited sources.
文摘The main transmission routes of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)include droplet and contact transmission.Airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which aerosol-generating procedures are performed^([1]).In2020,more than 83.4 million confirmed cases of COVID-19,including more than 1.8 million deaths.
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden on many healthcare systems and in the process,exposed the need for medical resources and physical space.While few studies discussed the efficient utilization of medical resources and physical space so far.Therefore,this study aimed to summarize experiences related to facilities used for centralized isolation for medical observation and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to provide suggestions to further improve the management of confirmed cases,suspected cases,and close contacts.In China,three types of facilities for centralized isolation(Fangcang shelter hospitals,refitted non-designated hospitals,and quarantine hotels)underwent retrofitting for the treatment and isolation of confirmed and suspected cases.These facilities mitigated the immediate high demand for space.Moreover,in order to minimize infection risks in these facilities,regulators and governmental agencies implemented new designs,management measures,and precautionary measures to minimize infection risk.Other countries and regions could refer to China’s experience in optimally allocating social resources in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.As a conclusion,government should allocate social resources and construct centralized isolation and quarantine facilities for an emergency response,health authorities should issue regulations for centralized isolation facilities and pay strict attention to the daily management of these facilities,a multidisciplinary administration team is required to support the daily operation of a centralized isolation facility,in-depth studies and international collaboration on the centralized isolation policy are encouraged.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[82025030,81941023,81872707,81273160 and 81573247]National Science and Technology Planning Project[2018YFC2000300]NIH/NIA P30AG028716。
文摘Objective To evaluate the associations of sarcopenia,handgrip strength and calf circumference with cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults.Methods Totally 2,525 older adults were recruited from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study.Cognitive impairment was assessed by the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination.Handgrip strength was calculated from the means of the right and left hand values.Calf circumference was measured at the site of maximum circumference of the non-dominant leg.The formula developed by Ishii was used to define sarcopenia.Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of sarcopenia,handgrip strength,and calf circumference with cognitive impairment.Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 34.36%.The adjusted odds ratio(OR)for cognitive impairment in individuals with sarcopenia was 2.55[95% confidence interval(95%CI):1.86-3.50].Compared with individuals in the first quartile(Q1)of calf circumference,the adjusted ORs in the second,third,and fourth quartiles(Q_(2),Q_(3),and Q_(4))were 0.75(95% CI:0.58-0.96),0.59(95% CI:0.44-0.79),and 0.62(95% CI:0.45-0.8),respectively.Compared with individuals in Q1 of handgrip strength,the adjusted ORs for Q_(2),Q_(3),and Q_(4) were 0.49(95%CI:0.38-0.62),0.31(95% CI:0.23-0.41),and 0.30(95%CI:0.21-0.44),respectively.Conclusion Sarcopenia,identified by low handgrip strength and low calf circumference,was positively associated with cognitive impairment.
基金supported by the National Health Commission Public Health Special Program of China[grant number:131031108000160004]
文摘Objective The study aimed to analyze the applicability of the World Health Organization’s exclusionary guidelines for Urinary creatinine(Ucr)in the general Chinese population,and to identify Ucr related factors.Methods We conduct a cross-sectional study using baseline data from 21,167 participants in the China National Human Biomonitoring Program.Mixed linear models and restricted cubic splines(RCS)were used to analyze the associations between explanatory variables and Ucr concentration.Results The geometric mean and median concentrations of Ucr in the general Chinese population were 0.90 g/L and 1.01 g/L,respectively.And 9.36%samples were outside 0.3-3.0 g/L,including 7.83%below the lower limit and 1.53%above the upper limit.Middle age,male,obesity,smoking,higher frequency of red meat consumption and chronic kidney disease were associated significantly with higher concentrations of Ucr.Results of the RCS showed Ucr was positively and linearly associated with body mass index,inversely and linearly associated with systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglycerides level,and glomerular filtration rate,and were non-linearly associated with triiodothyronine.Conclusion The age-and gender-specific cut-off values of Ucr that determine the validity of urine samples in the general Chinese population were recommended.To avoid introducing bias into epidemiologic associations,the potential predictors of Ucr observed in the current study should be considered when using Ucr to adjust for variations in urine dilution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21976169)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(No.8182055)National Health Commission Fund of China(No.WJW1903)。
文摘The etiology for the high tumor mortality in heavy polluted Yinghe river basin is still unclear and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)belong to the priority pollutants in water based on the former surveillance data.In order to explore the potential genotoxicants contributing to the double-endpoint genotoxicity of polluted drinking water source,12 groundwater and 3 surface water samples were collected from 3 villages and the nearby rivers alongside Yinghe river basin,respectively and their comprehensive genotoxicity was estimated with a bioassay group of sOS/umu test and micronucleus(MN)test(MNT).Some groundwater samples showed positive genotoxicity and all surface water samples were highly genotoxic.Eight groundwater samples showed DNA genotoxic effct with the average 4-NQO equivalent concentration(TEQ_(4-NQO))of 0.067μg/L and 0.089μg/L in wet and dry season,respectively.The average MN ratios of groundwater samples were 14.19‰ and 17.52‰ in wet and dry season,respectively.Groundwater samples showed different genotoxic effect among 3 villages.The total PAHs concentrations in all water samples ranged from 8.98 to 25.17 ng/L with an average of 14.97±4.85 ng/L.BaA,CHR,BkF,BaP and DBA were the main carcinogenic PAHs contributing to the genotoxicity of water samples.In conclusion,carcinogenic PAHs are possibly related to the high tumor mortality in the target area.Characterization of carcinogenic PAHs to genotoxicity of drinking water source may shed light on the etiology study for high tumor mortality in Yinghe river basin.Key words:genotoxicity test;drinking water source;high tumor mortality;Yinghe river basin;polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)
文摘Introduction:This study introduces a novel method for developing an advanced exposure conceptual model tailored for health risk assessment,focusing on microenvironments.Methods:The research was conducted at a major smelter in China to assess the health risks associated with trace metals(TMs)pollutants in the facility and the surrounding soil.Results:Deterministic risk assessment indicated that cobalt,cadmium,antimony,manganese,arsenic,plumbum,and mercury(Co,Cd,Sb,Mn,As,Pb,and Hg)necessitated further evaluation through probabilistic risk assessment to assess potential health risks to residents.The 95%quantile concentrations of other TMs were found to be within acceptable health risk limits.For the probabilistic risk assessment,exposure parameters such as body weight,respiration rate,and exposure duration were collected using a questionnaire.This targeted assessment of the residential microenvironment revealed it as the site of the highest carcinogenic(CR)and non-carcinogenic risks(NCR),with values ranging from 2.84×10-5 to 6.7×10-5 and 1.59 to 5.57,respectively.Conclusion:The primary contaminants posing the greatest health risks in residential and industrial areas have been identified as As,Pb,and Mn.The probabilistic health risk model,which focuses on microenvironmental factors,yields more precise results and offers a valuable tool for managing soil health risks.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 82025030 and 81941023)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(grant number 2021-JKCS-028)Claude D.Pepper Older Americans Independence Centers grant(grant number 5P30 AG028716 from NIA).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Limited evidence on healthy longevity was provided in the world,and no studies investigated the fractions of healthy longevity attributed to modifiable factors.What is added by this report?Incidences of longevity and healthy longevity in China are provided.It reveals that the total weighted population attributable fractions for lifestyles and all modifiable factors were 32.8% and 83.7% for longevity,respectively,and 30.4% and 73.4% for healthy longevity,respectively.What are the implications for public health practice?China has a high potential for longevity and healthy longevity.Strategies may be targeted at education and residence in early life as well as healthy lifestyles,disease prevention,and functional optimization in late life.
文摘Cold spells are extreme weather events characterized by the invasion of cold air from high latitudes into the middle and low latitudes,resulting in significant cooling.Cold spells have various adverse health effects,including epidermal damage,respiratory tract spasms,respiratory immune abnormalities,acute cardiopulmonary diseases,and exacerbation of urinary and endocrine disorders.In response to the frequent cold spells in recent years.
基金Supported by the 34th Batch of Jinan Science and Technology Innovation Development Plan(Clinical Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Plan)Projects(grant number 202134008),and the Special Funds for High-Level Talents of Jinan Healthcare Industry.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?The mortality rate due to pneumonia varies depending on the infectious agents present in a low-temperature environment.What is added by this report?This study aimed to examine the relationship between low temperatures and cold waves and the risk of mortality from infectious pneumonia in the elderly.The findings indicate a significant increase in the risk of infectious pneumonia.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82025030,No.81941023)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3702700)the Open Fund provided by the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control(KHK 2104).
文摘What is already known on this topic?Exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))was linked to endocrine hormone disruption in the reproductive system.Nonetheless,it was unclear which specific components of PM_(2.5) were primarily responsible for these associations.What is added by this report?The study presented the initial epidemiological evidence that brief exposure to PM_(2.5) can elevate estradiol levels in postmenopausal women.Various particle components had unique effects,with watersoluble ions and specific inorganic elements like Ag,As,Cd,Hg,Ni,Sb,Se,Sn,and Tl potentially playing significant roles in increasing estradiol levels.What are the implications for public health practice?The study established that the prevalence of air pollution,along with its specific components,has been recognized as a novel risk factor affecting the balance of sex hormones.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071433).
文摘Background:Substantial progress in air pollution control has brought considerable health benefits in China,but little is known about the spatio-temporal trends of economic burden from air pollution.This study aimed to explore their spatio-temporal features of disease burden from air pollution in China to provide policy recommendations for efficiently reducing the air pollution and related disease burden in an era of a growing economy.Methods:Using the Global Burden of Disease method and willingness to pay method,we estimated fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and/or ozone(O_(3))related premature mortality and its economic burden across China,and explored their spatio-temporal trends between 2005 and 2017.Results:In 2017,we estimated that the premature mortality and economic burden related to the two pollutants were RMB 0.94 million(68.49 per 100,000)and 1170.31 billion yuan(1.41%of the national gross domestic product[GDP]),respectively.From 2005 to 2017,the total premature mortality was decreasing with the air quality improvement,but the economic burden was increasing along with the economic growth.And the economic growth has contributed more to the growth of economic costs than the economic burden decrease brought by the air quality improvement.The premature mortality and economic burden from O_(3)in the total loss from the two pollutants was substantially lower than that of PM_(2.5),but it was rapidly growing.The O_(3)-contribution was highest in the Yangtze River Delta region,the Fen-Wei Plain region,and some western regions.The proportion of economic burden from PM_(2.5)and O_(3)to GDP significantly declined from 2005 to 2017 and showed a decreasing trend pattern from northeast to southwest.Conclusion:The disease burden from O_(3)is lower than that of PM_(2.5),the O_(3)-contribution has a significantly increasing trend with the growth of economy and O_(3)concentration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(grant numbers 81872707,82025030,82003550,and 82230111).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Antimony(Sb)has been identified as a new neurotoxicant that impacts neurological functions in animal studies.However,its effects on the human population remain unknown.What is added by this report?The study reveals that there is an association between exposure to Sb and a higher incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults.The dose-response curve demonstrates that the risk of cognitive impairment consistently increased with higher levels of Sb exposure without a discernible threshold.What are the implications for public health practice?Reducing exposure to Sb may have a beneficial effect in delaying or preventing the onset of cognitive impairment.This intervention has the potential to significantly decrease the disease burden associated with cognitive impairment,ultimately contributing to social development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2308703,2022YFC2602301)the Project of Prevention and Intervention on Major Diseases for Elderly in China,NCNCD(00240201307)the Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2017FY101201).
文摘China has a large number of patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD)and types of other dementia,which places a heavy burden on the public health and medical systems.As global climate change results in more frequent extreme weather events,and there is a current lack of understanding regarding the impact of non-optimal temperatures,especially cold,on AD and other dementia mortality,the study aimed to identify patterns of temperature sensitivity in order to inform targeted public health strategies.The records of 399,214 decedents aged 60 years and older who died due to AD or other dementias from 2013 to 2020 were obtained from the China Cause of Death Reporting System.Using an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study design,the relationships between ambient temperatures and AD and other dementia mortality were quantified using conditional logistic regression combined with the distributed lag nonlinear model.In addition,the attributable fractions(AFs)of mortality due to non-optimal ambient temperatures were calculated.The study found that both low and high non-optimal temperatures were associated with an increased risk of death from AD and other dementias,with an inverted J-shaped exposure–response curve.Moreover,the AFs of mortality due to full,low and high non-optimal temperatures with lag0–14 were 5.81%(95%empirical confidence interval[eCI]:4.89%,6.72%),5.24%(95%eCI:4.15%,6.27%)and 0.58%(95%eCI:0.27%,0.90%),respectively.Importantly,AFs varied across administrative regions,influenced by factors such as climate,geography,sociodemographic characteristics and socioeconomic factors.These findings can inform clinical and public health practices to reduce the mortality burden due to non-optimal temperatures on elderly populations with AD and other dementias.
基金This work was supported by National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control,China[Grant No.DQGG0405].
文摘Objective This panel study aimed to determine the acute effects of exposure to fine particulate matter(PM2.5) on schoolchildren’s pulmonary function.Methods We selected 51 schoolchildren aged 9–12 years attending a full-time boarding school in Beijing, China, measured the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations for five consecutive days,calculated the PM2.5 time-weighted individual exposure levels based on the school micro-environmental concentrations and the time activity pattern recorded by schoolchildren, measured schoolchildren’s pulmonary function on the fifth day. The survey was performed three times from December 2018 to April 2019. We used a linear mixed-effects model to evaluate the associations between PM2.5 and pulmonary function.Results During the three surveys, the median PM2.5 time-weighted individual exposure concentrations were 15.30 μg/m3, 48.92 μg/m^3, and 42.89 μg/m^3, respectively. There was a significant difference between the three surveys in vital capacity(VC), forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1) and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC)(P <0.05). The relevance analysis found that PM2.5 had lag effect on schoolchildren’s pulmonary function,each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 could cause largest decreases in FEF25%–75%, FEV1/FVC, FEF75%, and FEV1 on lag 0–1 d(80.44 mL/s, 35.85%, 78.58 mL/s, and 61.34 mL, respectively), and largest decreases in FEF25% on lag 1 d(83.68 mL/s), in VC on lag 4 d(32.34 mL), and in FVC on lag 0–4 d(37.76 mL). Gender subgroup analysis revealed that the increase in PM2.5 caused a decrease in FEV1/FVC and VC on the day of physical examination only in boys, and on lag days it caused changes in different pulmonary function indicators, both for boys and girls, but most of the pulmonary function indicators decreased more in boys than in girls.Conclusion Our findings show that acute PM2.5 exposure has significant effects on pulmonary function within 0–4 d, on both small airway indicators and large airway indicators. Boys’ pulmonary function is more sensitive to PM2.5 than girls.
基金This study was sponsored by the Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2017FY101201).
文摘Identifying temperature-sensitive diseases,vulnerable populations and attributable disease burden is crucial for the development and implementation of tailored climate change adaptation strategies in the context of climate change,especially through both mortality and morbidity analysis by using the data from same regions and populations.We re-analyzed and outlined the whole picture of the impacts of extreme temperatures on both mortality and morbidity among various populations and regions,based on the researches from a well-planned national project of Scientific Survey of Regional Meteorological Sensitive Diseases(SRMSD)with consistent methodology in China.The twenty-four representative regions of the SRMSD project cover all eleven geographical meteorological divisions in the country,including urban and rural areas.In addition to circulatory and respiratory diseases,we found that neurological diseases,injuries,digestive diseases,endocrine diseases,genitourinary diseases,skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases were sensitive to extreme heat,while digestive diseases were sensitive to extreme cold.The extreme temperature-sensitive diseases and the attributable disease burden varied by region.Females and the elderly people(65 years old and above)were more vulnerable to extreme heat when using mortality as a health outcome,whereas males and the young and middle-aged adults were more vulnerable to morbidity risk from heat.Our findings provide important scientific evidence for regional distribution of temperature-sensitive diseases and identification of vulnerable populations in China.It provides evidence and implications of developing regional heat/cold-exposure intervention policies,especially for hospital emergency departments and ambulance services during hot seasons.
基金The Special Foundation of Basic Science and Technology Resources Survey of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2017FY101204)National High-level Talents Special Support Plan of China for Young Talents.
文摘What is already known about this topic?An increasing number of studies have projected temperature-related mortality,but few consider the change of population’s adaptability to future temperature and mortality burden from cold and heat effects.What is added by this report?This study offers a comprehensive characterization of human adaptability and excess mortality burden of temperature across various regions of China.What are the implications for public health practice?The temperature-related excess mortality was projected to increase in the 2050s and decrease in the 2080s.Heat adaptability was projected to increase in the future,but along with the rising temperatures,the heatrelated excess mortality continuously rose,except for the low-speed rising scenario.Although the excess mortality of cold was projected to decrease in the nearer future,it might not keep declining in the long run,due to the decreasing cold-adaptability,which deserves more attention.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.21806157National Water Pollution Control and Management Technology Major Projects No.2015ZX07402002。
文摘Objective To verify the health advisory for short-term exposure to phenol.Methods The method of this validation experiment was the same as the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)methodology for toxicology experiments used to determine phenol drinking water equivalent level(DWEL).Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered phenol in distilled water by gavage at daily doses of 15,30,60,120,and 240 mg/kg body weight(b.w.)from implantation(the 6 th day post-mating)to the day prior to the scheduled caesarean section(the 20th day of pregnancy).The following information was recorded:general behavior;body weight;number of corpus luteum,live birth,fetus,stillbirth,and implantation;fetal gender;body weight;body length;tail length;and abnormalities and pathomorphological changes in the dams.Results In the 60 mg/kg b.w.dose group,the mortality of pregnant rats increased with increasing doses,suggesting maternal toxicity.Fetal and placental weights decreased as phenol dose increased from30 mg/kg b.w.,and were significantly different compared those in the vehicle control group,which suggested developmental toxicity in the fetuses.However,the phenol-exposed groups showed no significant change in other parameters compared with the vehicle control group(P>0.05).Conclusion Despite using the same method as the US EPA,a different NOEAL of 15 mg/(kg·d)was obtained in this study.
