The problem of privacy in social networks is well documented within literature;users have pri- vacy concerns however, they consistently disclose their sensitive information and leave it open to unintended third partie...The problem of privacy in social networks is well documented within literature;users have pri- vacy concerns however, they consistently disclose their sensitive information and leave it open to unintended third parties. While numerous causes of poor behaviour have been suggested by re- search the role of the User Interface (UI) and the system itself is underexplored. The field of Per- suasive Technology would suggest that Social Network Systems persuade users to deviate from their normal or habitual behaviour. This paper makes the case that the UI can be used as the basis for user empowerment by informing them of their privacy at the point of interaction and remind- ing them of their privacy needs. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is introduced as a potential theoretical foundation for exploring the psychology behind privacy behaviour as it describes the salient factors that influence intention and action. Based on these factors of personal attitude, subjective norms and perceived control, a series of UIs are presented and implemented in con- trolled experiments examining their effect on personal information disclosure. This is combined with observations and interviews with the participants. Results from this initial, pilot experiment suggest groups with privacy salient information embedded exhibit less disclosure than the control group. This work reviews this approach as a method for exploring privacy behaviour and propos- es further work required.展开更多
In this paper we develop two conforming finite element methods for a fourth order bi-wave equation arising as a simplified Ginzburg-Landau-type model for d-wave superconductors in absence of applied magnetic field. Un...In this paper we develop two conforming finite element methods for a fourth order bi-wave equation arising as a simplified Ginzburg-Landau-type model for d-wave superconductors in absence of applied magnetic field. Unlike the biharmonic operator A2, the bi-wave operator □^2 is not an elliptic operator, so the energy space for the bi-wave equation is much larger than the energy space for the biharmonic equation. This then makes it possible to construct low order conforming finite elements for the bi-wave equation. However, the existence and construction of such finite elements strongly depends on the mesh. In the paper, we first characterize mesh conditions which allow and not allow construction of low order conforming finite elements for approximating the bi-wave equation. We then construct a cubic and a quartic conforming finite element. It is proved that both elements have the desired approximation properties, and give optimal order error estimates in the energy norm, suboptimal （and optimal in some cases） order error estimates in the H1 and L^2 norm. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to guage the efficiency of the proposed finite element methods and to validate the theoretical error bounds.展开更多
Open spaces-whether public,urban,or part of a campus-offer a variety of activities and opportunities to people.Therefore,open spaces should be considered a vital component of any built-up area and designed to meet the...Open spaces-whether public,urban,or part of a campus-offer a variety of activities and opportunities to people.Therefore,open spaces should be considered a vital component of any built-up area and designed to meet the needs and address the comfort of potential users.Because of their presence in daily life and their preponderance of characteristics,open spaces have drawn the attention of many researchers,designers,and planners with varying perspec-tives.The current study takes a scientific approach to analyzing the environmental parameters of the Campus Outdoor Space(COS)in the case of the Eastern Mediterranean University(EMU).An extensive literature review supported the identification of seven important envi-ronmental parameters effective in the microscale analysis of a COS:geographical location,meteorological situation,urban form,surface materials,amount of vegetation and watershed,and anthropogenic pollution.Analysis of the environmental parameters called for a hybrid method that included a detailed field survey and the following set of simulations:sun-path,radiation,sky view factor,and turbulence analysis.The accuracy of the field survey directly con-tributed to the effectiveness of the simulations.Grasshopper®3D software and Computational Fluid Dynamics were used to simulate the conditions of the EMU study area.The outcomes show that the spatial organization,building forms,and building orientation negatively affect the COS of EMU.In the Mediterranean climatic region of EMU,shade and flowing breezes greatly enhance comfort and usability of outdoor spaces from April to October.The massive form of buildings and minimal planning for effective building orientation to the sun increased heat storage capacity and neglected prevailing winds,resulting in flow separation and formation of eddies on the leeward side of buildings.These negatively influenced the microclimate,and thereby user comfort,at the core of the EMU’s main COS.展开更多
文摘The problem of privacy in social networks is well documented within literature;users have pri- vacy concerns however, they consistently disclose their sensitive information and leave it open to unintended third parties. While numerous causes of poor behaviour have been suggested by re- search the role of the User Interface (UI) and the system itself is underexplored. The field of Per- suasive Technology would suggest that Social Network Systems persuade users to deviate from their normal or habitual behaviour. This paper makes the case that the UI can be used as the basis for user empowerment by informing them of their privacy at the point of interaction and remind- ing them of their privacy needs. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is introduced as a potential theoretical foundation for exploring the psychology behind privacy behaviour as it describes the salient factors that influence intention and action. Based on these factors of personal attitude, subjective norms and perceived control, a series of UIs are presented and implemented in con- trolled experiments examining their effect on personal information disclosure. This is combined with observations and interviews with the participants. Results from this initial, pilot experiment suggest groups with privacy salient information embedded exhibit less disclosure than the control group. This work reviews this approach as a method for exploring privacy behaviour and propos- es further work required.
基金partially supported by the NSF grant DMS-0710831
文摘In this paper we develop two conforming finite element methods for a fourth order bi-wave equation arising as a simplified Ginzburg-Landau-type model for d-wave superconductors in absence of applied magnetic field. Unlike the biharmonic operator A2, the bi-wave operator □^2 is not an elliptic operator, so the energy space for the bi-wave equation is much larger than the energy space for the biharmonic equation. This then makes it possible to construct low order conforming finite elements for the bi-wave equation. However, the existence and construction of such finite elements strongly depends on the mesh. In the paper, we first characterize mesh conditions which allow and not allow construction of low order conforming finite elements for approximating the bi-wave equation. We then construct a cubic and a quartic conforming finite element. It is proved that both elements have the desired approximation properties, and give optimal order error estimates in the energy norm, suboptimal （and optimal in some cases） order error estimates in the H1 and L^2 norm. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to guage the efficiency of the proposed finite element methods and to validate the theoretical error bounds.
文摘Open spaces-whether public,urban,or part of a campus-offer a variety of activities and opportunities to people.Therefore,open spaces should be considered a vital component of any built-up area and designed to meet the needs and address the comfort of potential users.Because of their presence in daily life and their preponderance of characteristics,open spaces have drawn the attention of many researchers,designers,and planners with varying perspec-tives.The current study takes a scientific approach to analyzing the environmental parameters of the Campus Outdoor Space(COS)in the case of the Eastern Mediterranean University(EMU).An extensive literature review supported the identification of seven important envi-ronmental parameters effective in the microscale analysis of a COS:geographical location,meteorological situation,urban form,surface materials,amount of vegetation and watershed,and anthropogenic pollution.Analysis of the environmental parameters called for a hybrid method that included a detailed field survey and the following set of simulations:sun-path,radiation,sky view factor,and turbulence analysis.The accuracy of the field survey directly con-tributed to the effectiveness of the simulations.Grasshopper®3D software and Computational Fluid Dynamics were used to simulate the conditions of the EMU study area.The outcomes show that the spatial organization,building forms,and building orientation negatively affect the COS of EMU.In the Mediterranean climatic region of EMU,shade and flowing breezes greatly enhance comfort and usability of outdoor spaces from April to October.The massive form of buildings and minimal planning for effective building orientation to the sun increased heat storage capacity and neglected prevailing winds,resulting in flow separation and formation of eddies on the leeward side of buildings.These negatively influenced the microclimate,and thereby user comfort,at the core of the EMU’s main COS.
