As we are facing an aging society,anti-aging strategies have been pursued to reduce the negative impacts of aging and increase the health span of human beings.Gut microbiota has become a key factor in the anti-aging p...As we are facing an aging society,anti-aging strategies have been pursued to reduce the negative impacts of aging and increase the health span of human beings.Gut microbiota has become a key factor in the anti-aging process.Modulation of gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to prevent frailty and unhealthy aging has been a hot topic of research.This narrative review summarizes the benefits of FMT for health span and lifespan,brains,eyes,productive systems,bones,and others.The mechanisms of FMT in improving healthy aging are discussed.The increased beneficial bacteria and decreased pathological bacteria decreased gut permeability and systemic inflammation,increased short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)and SCFA-producing bacteria,and other factors are listed as mechanisms of FMT to improve healthy aging.The points that need to be considered to ensure the optimal outcomes of FMT are also discussed,such as recipients’age,sex,genetic background,and gut microbiota after FMT.Although thisfield is still in its infancy,it has shown that FMT has great potential to improve healthy aging.展开更多
Tau is an important protein of the central nervous system formed by 352-441 amino acids and encoded by the MAPT(microtubule-associated protein tau)gene on chromosome 17 which generates 6 isoforms.Tau is located in axo...Tau is an important protein of the central nervous system formed by 352-441 amino acids and encoded by the MAPT(microtubule-associated protein tau)gene on chromosome 17 which generates 6 isoforms.Tau is located in axons,dendrites,nucleus,cell membrane,and synapses of neurons.The protein is also expressed to a lesser extent in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes,although its role in these cells has been little investigated.The protein is also present in the interstitial fluid and can cross into the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and reach the systemic circulation.展开更多
The properties of raw wild rice were investigated to produce a functional tea,and the value of this tea was evaluated.The highest antioxidant activity[80.5%2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activit...The properties of raw wild rice were investigated to produce a functional tea,and the value of this tea was evaluated.The highest antioxidant activity[80.5%2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activity]was achieved when the raw wild-rice grass was roasted at 225℃for 3 min.展开更多
BACKGROUND Progressive pancreaticβ-cell dysfunction is a fundamental part of the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Cellular therapies offer novel opportunities for the treatment of T2DM to improve the funct...BACKGROUND Progressive pancreaticβ-cell dysfunction is a fundamental part of the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Cellular therapies offer novel opportunities for the treatment of T2DM to improve the function of isletβ-cells.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cell(hUC-MSC)infusion in T2DM treatment.METHODS Sixteen patients were enrolled and received 1×10^(6) cells/kg per week for 3 wk as intravenous hUC-MSC infusion.The effectiveness was evaluated by assessing fasting blood glucose,C-peptide,normal glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),insulin resistance index(homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance),and isletβ-cell function(homeostasis model assessment ofβ-cell function).The dosage of hypoglycemic agents and safety were evaluated by monitoring the occurrence of any adverse events(AEs).RESULTS During the entire intervention period,the fasting plasma glucose level was significantly reduced[baseline:9.3400(8.3575,11.7725),day 14±3:6.5200(5.2200,8.6900);P<0.01].The HbA1c level was significantly reduced on day 84±3[baseline:7.8000(7.5250,8.6750),day 84±3:7.150(6.600,7.925);P<0.01].The patients’isletβ-cell function was significantly improved on day 28±3 of intervention[baseline:29.90(16.43,37.40),day 28±3:40.97(19.27,56.36);P<0.01].The dosage of hypoglycemic agents was reduced in all patients,of whom 6(50%)had a decrement of more than 50%and 1(6.25%)discontinued the hypoglycemic agents.Four patients had transient fever,which occurred within 24 h after the second or third infusion.One patient(2.08%)had asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia after infusion on day 28±3.No liver damage or other side effects were reported.CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that hUC-MSC infusion can improve glycemia,restore isletβ-cell function,and reduce the dosage of hypoglycemic agents without serious AEs.Thus,hUC-MSC infusion may be a novel option for the treatment of T2DM.展开更多
We reviewed recent major clinical trials with investigational drugs for the treatment of subjects with neurodegenerative diseases caused by inheritance of gene mutations or associated with genetic risk factors.Specifi...We reviewed recent major clinical trials with investigational drugs for the treatment of subjects with neurodegenerative diseases caused by inheritance of gene mutations or associated with genetic risk factors.Specifically,we discussed randomized clinical trials in subjects with Alzheimer's disease,Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis bearing pathogenic gene mutations,and glucocerebrosidase-associated Parkinson's disease.Learning potential lessons to improve future therapeutic approaches is the aim of this review.Two long-term,controlled trials on three anti-β-amyloid monoclonal antibodies(solanezumab,gantenerumab and crenezumab)in subjects carrying Alzheimer's disease-linked mutated genes encoding for amyloid precursor protein or presenilin 1 or presenilin 2 failed to show cognitive or functional benefits.A major trial on tominersen,an antisense oligonucleotide designed to reduce the production of the huntingtin protein in subjects with Huntington's disease,was prematurely interrupted because the drug failed to show higher efficacy than placebo and,at highest doses,led to worsened outcomes.A 28-week trial of tofersen,an antisense oligonucleotide for superoxide dismutase 1 in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with superoxide dismutase 1 gene mutations failed to show significant beneficial effects but the 1-year open label extension of this study indicated better clinical and functional outcomes in the group with early tofersen therapy.A trial of venglustat,a potent and brain-penetrant glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor,in Parkinson's disease subjects with heterozygous glucocerebrosidase gene mutations revealed worsened clinical and cognitive performance of patients on the enzyme inhibitor compared to placebo.We concluded that clinical trials in neurodegenerative diseases with a genetic basis should test monoclonal antibodies,antisense oligonucleotides or gene editing directed against the mutated enzyme or the mutated substrate without dramatically affecting physiological wild-type variants.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease histologically characterized by the presence of extraneuronal plaques,mainly formed by the 42-aminoacid isoform of amyloid-(Aβ_(1-42)),and by int...Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease histologically characterized by the presence of extraneuronal plaques,mainly formed by the 42-aminoacid isoform of amyloid-(Aβ_(1-42)),and by intraneuronal neurofibrillary to ngles,mainly formed by the tau protein and its hyperphosphorylated isoforms(p-tau).AD is the most common cause of dementia,with an estimated lifetime risk of about 1 in 10 for men and 1 in 5 for women.展开更多
In order to clarify the pre-exist immunity background of different human coronaviruses(HCoV),this study investigated the positive rate of spike(S)protein antibodies of HCoV,including HCoV-severe acute respiratory synd...In order to clarify the pre-exist immunity background of different human coronaviruses(HCoV),this study investigated the positive rate of spike(S)protein antibodies of HCoV,including HCoV-severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)-associated coronavirus(SARS-CoV-1),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV),HCoV-229E,HCoV-NL63,HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43,before and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak.We utilized pseu-dotyped virus-based neutralization assays(PBNA)or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)to detect antibody levels against HCoV in serum samples collected in 2009-2010 and 2023.The PBNA results showed that neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and the MERS-CoV were negative.In the serum samples from 2009 to 2010,neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2(D614G)were negative,whereas in the serum sam-ples from 2023,73 samples(73%)showed neutralizing reactions with the SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain,96 sam-ples(96%)with the BA.5 strain,and 91 samples(91%)with the BF.7 strain.Among pre-COVID-19 samples,33%(33/100)showed neutralizing reactions with HCoV-229E and 63%(63/100)with HCoV-NL63.Among post-COVID-19 samples,50%(50/100)showed neutralizing reactions with HCoV-229E and 49%(49/100)with HCoV-NL63.Due to the different receptors of alpha coronavirus genus compared to other beta coron-avirus genus,neutralizing antibodies against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 virus cannot be detected by con-structing corresponding pseudotyped virus.Binding antibodies against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 virus were detected using ELISA.The results revealed that among pre-COVID-19 samples,83%(83/100)and 45%(45/100)had binding activity with HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1,respectively.Among post-COVID-19 samples,100%(100/100)and 81%(81/100)had binding activity with HCoV-0C43 and HCoV-HKU1,respectively.展开更多
Background:We previously observed decreasing resection rates of nonmetastatic gastric adenocarcinoma(GaC)in the US and some European countries.If and to what extent these trends affect the trends in overall survival(O...Background:We previously observed decreasing resection rates of nonmetastatic gastric adenocarcinoma(GaC)in the US and some European countries.If and to what extent these trends affect the trends in overall survival(OS)of patients with non-metastatic GaC at the population level remain unclear.This large international population-based cohort study aimed to assess the impact of the previously observed decreasing resection rates on multivariable-adjusted trends in the long-term OS of patients with non-metastatic GaC.Methods:Individual-level data of patients with non-metastatic GaC were obtained from the national cancer registries of the Netherlands,Belgium,Sweden,Norway,and Slovenia,and the US Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.We analyzed data for each country separately.Associations between year of diagnosis and OS were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression model with adjustment for multiple prognostic variables,with and without including resection and chemotherapy as potential explanatory variables.Results:A total of 66,398 non-metastatic GaC patients diagnosed in 2003-2016 were analyzed,with an accumulated follow-up of 172,357 person-years.Without adjustment for resection,OS was improved only slightly in the US[hazard ratio(HR)_(per year)=0.99;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.96],and no improvement was observed in the investigated European countries,with OS even worsening in Sweden(HR_(per year)=1.03;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=1.17).After adjusting for resection,the increasing OS trend became stronger in the US(HR_(per year)=0.98;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.88),and the temporal trend became insignificant in Sweden.In Slovenia(HR_(per year)=0.99;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.92)and Norway(HR_(per year)=0.97;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.86),improved OS over time emerged after resection adjustment.Improved OS in patients undergoing resection was observed in the US,the Netherlands,and Norway.Adjustment for chemotherapy did not alter the observed associations.Stratified analyses by tumor location showedmostly similar resultswith the findings in all patients with non-metastatic GaCs regarding the associations between year of diagnosis and survival.Conclusions:OS of patients with non-metastatic GaC mostly did not improve in selected European countries and was even worsened in Sweden,while it was slightly increased in the US in the early 21st century.Progress in OS of patients with non-metastatic GaC seems to have been impeded to a large extent by decreasing rates of resection.展开更多
Poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)has become a popular treatment for body skin laxity,especially in female patients;however,research on its use in male patients remains limited,particularly in addressing changes in the gluteal ...Poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)has become a popular treatment for body skin laxity,especially in female patients;however,research on its use in male patients remains limited,particularly in addressing changes in the gluteal region due to aging.This case report investigates the efficacy of PLLA in treating skin laxity in the gluteal area of three male patients aged 36,41,and 50 years who were treated at the Antony Barbosa Institute between May 2023 and June 2024.The Male Gluteal Contour Method^(TM):C-Tech Collagen Boost was employed using a C-shaped injection technique with an 18G×70 mm cannula.Patients underwent four sessions of PLLA injections,reconstituted with bacteriostatic sterile water and lidocaine,at 4–6-week intervals.Improvements in the gluteal contour and skin laxity were noted in all patients,with increased collagen production contributing to enhanced muscle definition and firmness.Minimal side effects such as mild bruising,swelling,and tenderness were reported,and no nodules were observed.This study highlights the importance of tailored treatment plans that cater to the specific needs of middle-age and older men.The C-shaped injection technique allowed for an even distribution of the biostimulator while respecting male anatomy.PLLA is a promising nonsurgical solution for improving male gluteal contour and skin quality,although further research with larger groups is warranted to establish more definitive guidelines for its use in male gluteal augmentation.展开更多
The state-of-the-art triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are constructed with synthetic polymers,curtailing their application prospects and relevance in sustainable technologies.The economically viable transformation a...The state-of-the-art triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are constructed with synthetic polymers,curtailing their application prospects and relevance in sustainable technologies.The economically viable transformation and engineering of naturally abundant materials into efficient TENGs for mechanical energy harvesting is meaningful not only for fundamental scientific exploration,but also for addressing societal needs.Being an abundant natural biopolymer,chitosan enables exciting opportunity for low-cost,biodegradable TENG applications.However,the electrical outputs of chitosan-based TENGs are low compared with the devices built with synthetic polymers.Here,we explore the facile molecular surface engineering in chitosan to significantly boost the performance of chitosan-based TENG for enabling the practical applications,for example,self-powered car speed sensor.The molecular surface engineering offers a potentially promising scheme for designing and implementing high-performance biopolymer-based TENGs for selfpowered nanosystems in sustainable technologies.We further explore for the first time the feasibility of data mining approaches to analyze and learn the acquired triboelectric signals from the car speed sensors and predict the relationship between the triboelectric signals and car speed values.展开更多
Background:Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)is one of the common causes of longterm disability worldwide.Cell transplantation has gained attention as a prospective therapeutic option for neurotraumatic disorders lik...Background:Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)is one of the common causes of longterm disability worldwide.Cell transplantation has gained attention as a prospective therapeutic option for neurotraumatic disorders like TBI.The postulated mechanism of cell transplantation which includes angiogenesis,axonal regeneration,neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling,may tackle the pathology of chronic TBI and improve overall functioning.Methods:To study the effects of cell transplantation,50 patients with chronic TBI were enrolled in an open label nonrandomized study.The intervention included intrathecal transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and neurorehabilitation.Mean follow up duration was 22 months.Fifteen patients underwent second dose of cell transplantation,6 months after their first intervention.Percentage analysis was performed to analyze the symptomatic improvements in the patients.Functional independence measure(FIM)was used as an outcome measure to evaluate the functional changes in the patients.Statistical tests were applied on the pre-intervention and post-intervention scores for determining the significance.Comparative Positron Emission Tomography-computed tomography(PET CT)scans were performed in 10 patients to monitor the effect of intervention on brain function.Factors such as age,multiple doses,time since injury and severity of injury were also analyzed to determine their effect on the outcome of cell transplantation.Adverse events were monitored throughout the follow up period.Results:Overall 92%patients showed improvements in symptoms such as sitting and standing balance,voluntary control,memory,oromotor skills lower limb activities,ambulation,trunk&upper limb activity,speech,posture,communication,psychological status,cognition,attention and concentration,muscle tone,coordination,activities of daily living.A statistically significant(at p≤0.05 with p-value 0)improvement was observed in the scores of FIM after intervention on the Wilcoxon signed rank test.Better outcome of the intervention was found in patients with mild TBI,age less than 18 years and time since injury less than 5 years.Ten patients who underwent a repeat PET CT scan brain showed improved brain metabolism in areas which correlated to the symptomatic changes.Two patients had an episode of seizures which was managed with medication.They both had an abnormal EEG before the intervention and 1 of them had previous history and was on antiepileptics.No other major adverse events were recorded.Conclusion:This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of cell transplantation in chronic TBI on long term follow up.Early intervention in younger age group of patients with mild TBI showed the best outcome in this study.In combination with neurorehabilitation,cell transplantation can enhance functional recovery and improve quality of life of patients with chronic TBI.PET CT scan brain should be explored as a monitoring tool to study the efficacy of intervention.展开更多
基金This work was sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jcyjbshX0176 to Ting Gong)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81900980 to Huifen Ding).
文摘As we are facing an aging society,anti-aging strategies have been pursued to reduce the negative impacts of aging and increase the health span of human beings.Gut microbiota has become a key factor in the anti-aging process.Modulation of gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to prevent frailty and unhealthy aging has been a hot topic of research.This narrative review summarizes the benefits of FMT for health span and lifespan,brains,eyes,productive systems,bones,and others.The mechanisms of FMT in improving healthy aging are discussed.The increased beneficial bacteria and decreased pathological bacteria decreased gut permeability and systemic inflammation,increased short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)and SCFA-producing bacteria,and other factors are listed as mechanisms of FMT to improve healthy aging.The points that need to be considered to ensure the optimal outcomes of FMT are also discussed,such as recipients’age,sex,genetic background,and gut microbiota after FMT.Although thisfield is still in its infancy,it has shown that FMT has great potential to improve healthy aging.
文摘Tau is an important protein of the central nervous system formed by 352-441 amino acids and encoded by the MAPT(microtubule-associated protein tau)gene on chromosome 17 which generates 6 isoforms.Tau is located in axons,dendrites,nucleus,cell membrane,and synapses of neurons.The protein is also expressed to a lesser extent in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes,although its role in these cells has been little investigated.The protein is also present in the interstitial fluid and can cross into the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and reach the systemic circulation.
基金supported by the Korea Technology and Information Promotion Agency for Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of SMEs and Startups)(Grant No.CD558230)。
文摘The properties of raw wild rice were investigated to produce a functional tea,and the value of this tea was evaluated.The highest antioxidant activity[80.5%2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activity]was achieved when the raw wild-rice grass was roasted at 225℃for 3 min.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee Projects,No.JCYJ20170816105416349Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction FundShenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund,No.SZXK010.
文摘BACKGROUND Progressive pancreaticβ-cell dysfunction is a fundamental part of the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Cellular therapies offer novel opportunities for the treatment of T2DM to improve the function of isletβ-cells.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cell(hUC-MSC)infusion in T2DM treatment.METHODS Sixteen patients were enrolled and received 1×10^(6) cells/kg per week for 3 wk as intravenous hUC-MSC infusion.The effectiveness was evaluated by assessing fasting blood glucose,C-peptide,normal glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),insulin resistance index(homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance),and isletβ-cell function(homeostasis model assessment ofβ-cell function).The dosage of hypoglycemic agents and safety were evaluated by monitoring the occurrence of any adverse events(AEs).RESULTS During the entire intervention period,the fasting plasma glucose level was significantly reduced[baseline:9.3400(8.3575,11.7725),day 14±3:6.5200(5.2200,8.6900);P<0.01].The HbA1c level was significantly reduced on day 84±3[baseline:7.8000(7.5250,8.6750),day 84±3:7.150(6.600,7.925);P<0.01].The patients’isletβ-cell function was significantly improved on day 28±3 of intervention[baseline:29.90(16.43,37.40),day 28±3:40.97(19.27,56.36);P<0.01].The dosage of hypoglycemic agents was reduced in all patients,of whom 6(50%)had a decrement of more than 50%and 1(6.25%)discontinued the hypoglycemic agents.Four patients had transient fever,which occurred within 24 h after the second or third infusion.One patient(2.08%)had asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia after infusion on day 28±3.No liver damage or other side effects were reported.CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that hUC-MSC infusion can improve glycemia,restore isletβ-cell function,and reduce the dosage of hypoglycemic agents without serious AEs.Thus,hUC-MSC infusion may be a novel option for the treatment of T2DM.
文摘We reviewed recent major clinical trials with investigational drugs for the treatment of subjects with neurodegenerative diseases caused by inheritance of gene mutations or associated with genetic risk factors.Specifically,we discussed randomized clinical trials in subjects with Alzheimer's disease,Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis bearing pathogenic gene mutations,and glucocerebrosidase-associated Parkinson's disease.Learning potential lessons to improve future therapeutic approaches is the aim of this review.Two long-term,controlled trials on three anti-β-amyloid monoclonal antibodies(solanezumab,gantenerumab and crenezumab)in subjects carrying Alzheimer's disease-linked mutated genes encoding for amyloid precursor protein or presenilin 1 or presenilin 2 failed to show cognitive or functional benefits.A major trial on tominersen,an antisense oligonucleotide designed to reduce the production of the huntingtin protein in subjects with Huntington's disease,was prematurely interrupted because the drug failed to show higher efficacy than placebo and,at highest doses,led to worsened outcomes.A 28-week trial of tofersen,an antisense oligonucleotide for superoxide dismutase 1 in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with superoxide dismutase 1 gene mutations failed to show significant beneficial effects but the 1-year open label extension of this study indicated better clinical and functional outcomes in the group with early tofersen therapy.A trial of venglustat,a potent and brain-penetrant glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor,in Parkinson's disease subjects with heterozygous glucocerebrosidase gene mutations revealed worsened clinical and cognitive performance of patients on the enzyme inhibitor compared to placebo.We concluded that clinical trials in neurodegenerative diseases with a genetic basis should test monoclonal antibodies,antisense oligonucleotides or gene editing directed against the mutated enzyme or the mutated substrate without dramatically affecting physiological wild-type variants.
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease histologically characterized by the presence of extraneuronal plaques,mainly formed by the 42-aminoacid isoform of amyloid-(Aβ_(1-42)),and by intraneuronal neurofibrillary to ngles,mainly formed by the tau protein and its hyperphosphorylated isoforms(p-tau).AD is the most common cause of dementia,with an estimated lifetime risk of about 1 in 10 for men and 1 in 5 for women.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China:Analysis of Omicron Variants and Research of Prevention and Control(No.2023YFC3041500)National Natural Science Foundation of China:Research on in vivo and in vitro Efficacy Evaluation Technology for Novel Coronavirus Vaccine Standardization(No.82073621)State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science:Establishment of mouse infection model by influenza and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus(No.2023SKDLS0112).
文摘In order to clarify the pre-exist immunity background of different human coronaviruses(HCoV),this study investigated the positive rate of spike(S)protein antibodies of HCoV,including HCoV-severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)-associated coronavirus(SARS-CoV-1),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV),HCoV-229E,HCoV-NL63,HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43,before and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak.We utilized pseu-dotyped virus-based neutralization assays(PBNA)or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)to detect antibody levels against HCoV in serum samples collected in 2009-2010 and 2023.The PBNA results showed that neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and the MERS-CoV were negative.In the serum samples from 2009 to 2010,neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2(D614G)were negative,whereas in the serum sam-ples from 2023,73 samples(73%)showed neutralizing reactions with the SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain,96 sam-ples(96%)with the BA.5 strain,and 91 samples(91%)with the BF.7 strain.Among pre-COVID-19 samples,33%(33/100)showed neutralizing reactions with HCoV-229E and 63%(63/100)with HCoV-NL63.Among post-COVID-19 samples,50%(50/100)showed neutralizing reactions with HCoV-229E and 49%(49/100)with HCoV-NL63.Due to the different receptors of alpha coronavirus genus compared to other beta coron-avirus genus,neutralizing antibodies against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 virus cannot be detected by con-structing corresponding pseudotyped virus.Binding antibodies against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 virus were detected using ELISA.The results revealed that among pre-COVID-19 samples,83%(83/100)and 45%(45/100)had binding activity with HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1,respectively.Among post-COVID-19 samples,100%(100/100)and 81%(81/100)had binding activity with HCoV-0C43 and HCoV-HKU1,respectively.
文摘Background:We previously observed decreasing resection rates of nonmetastatic gastric adenocarcinoma(GaC)in the US and some European countries.If and to what extent these trends affect the trends in overall survival(OS)of patients with non-metastatic GaC at the population level remain unclear.This large international population-based cohort study aimed to assess the impact of the previously observed decreasing resection rates on multivariable-adjusted trends in the long-term OS of patients with non-metastatic GaC.Methods:Individual-level data of patients with non-metastatic GaC were obtained from the national cancer registries of the Netherlands,Belgium,Sweden,Norway,and Slovenia,and the US Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.We analyzed data for each country separately.Associations between year of diagnosis and OS were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression model with adjustment for multiple prognostic variables,with and without including resection and chemotherapy as potential explanatory variables.Results:A total of 66,398 non-metastatic GaC patients diagnosed in 2003-2016 were analyzed,with an accumulated follow-up of 172,357 person-years.Without adjustment for resection,OS was improved only slightly in the US[hazard ratio(HR)_(per year)=0.99;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.96],and no improvement was observed in the investigated European countries,with OS even worsening in Sweden(HR_(per year)=1.03;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=1.17).After adjusting for resection,the increasing OS trend became stronger in the US(HR_(per year)=0.98;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.88),and the temporal trend became insignificant in Sweden.In Slovenia(HR_(per year)=0.99;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.92)and Norway(HR_(per year)=0.97;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.86),improved OS over time emerged after resection adjustment.Improved OS in patients undergoing resection was observed in the US,the Netherlands,and Norway.Adjustment for chemotherapy did not alter the observed associations.Stratified analyses by tumor location showedmostly similar resultswith the findings in all patients with non-metastatic GaCs regarding the associations between year of diagnosis and survival.Conclusions:OS of patients with non-metastatic GaC mostly did not improve in selected European countries and was even worsened in Sweden,while it was slightly increased in the US in the early 21st century.Progress in OS of patients with non-metastatic GaC seems to have been impeded to a large extent by decreasing rates of resection.
文摘Poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)has become a popular treatment for body skin laxity,especially in female patients;however,research on its use in male patients remains limited,particularly in addressing changes in the gluteal region due to aging.This case report investigates the efficacy of PLLA in treating skin laxity in the gluteal area of three male patients aged 36,41,and 50 years who were treated at the Antony Barbosa Institute between May 2023 and June 2024.The Male Gluteal Contour Method^(TM):C-Tech Collagen Boost was employed using a C-shaped injection technique with an 18G×70 mm cannula.Patients underwent four sessions of PLLA injections,reconstituted with bacteriostatic sterile water and lidocaine,at 4–6-week intervals.Improvements in the gluteal contour and skin laxity were noted in all patients,with increased collagen production contributing to enhanced muscle definition and firmness.Minimal side effects such as mild bruising,swelling,and tenderness were reported,and no nodules were observed.This study highlights the importance of tailored treatment plans that cater to the specific needs of middle-age and older men.The C-shaped injection technique allowed for an even distribution of the biostimulator while respecting male anatomy.PLLA is a promising nonsurgical solution for improving male gluteal contour and skin quality,although further research with larger groups is warranted to establish more definitive guidelines for its use in male gluteal augmentation.
基金W.Z.W.acknowledge the College of Engineering and School of Industrial Engineering at Purdue University for the startup support and the Ravi and Eleanor Talwar Rising Star Assistant Professorship.The support provided by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)during a visit of Chenxiang Ma to Purdue University is acknowledged.
文摘The state-of-the-art triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)are constructed with synthetic polymers,curtailing their application prospects and relevance in sustainable technologies.The economically viable transformation and engineering of naturally abundant materials into efficient TENGs for mechanical energy harvesting is meaningful not only for fundamental scientific exploration,but also for addressing societal needs.Being an abundant natural biopolymer,chitosan enables exciting opportunity for low-cost,biodegradable TENG applications.However,the electrical outputs of chitosan-based TENGs are low compared with the devices built with synthetic polymers.Here,we explore the facile molecular surface engineering in chitosan to significantly boost the performance of chitosan-based TENG for enabling the practical applications,for example,self-powered car speed sensor.The molecular surface engineering offers a potentially promising scheme for designing and implementing high-performance biopolymer-based TENGs for selfpowered nanosystems in sustainable technologies.We further explore for the first time the feasibility of data mining approaches to analyze and learn the acquired triboelectric signals from the car speed sensors and predict the relationship between the triboelectric signals and car speed values.
文摘Background:Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)is one of the common causes of longterm disability worldwide.Cell transplantation has gained attention as a prospective therapeutic option for neurotraumatic disorders like TBI.The postulated mechanism of cell transplantation which includes angiogenesis,axonal regeneration,neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling,may tackle the pathology of chronic TBI and improve overall functioning.Methods:To study the effects of cell transplantation,50 patients with chronic TBI were enrolled in an open label nonrandomized study.The intervention included intrathecal transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and neurorehabilitation.Mean follow up duration was 22 months.Fifteen patients underwent second dose of cell transplantation,6 months after their first intervention.Percentage analysis was performed to analyze the symptomatic improvements in the patients.Functional independence measure(FIM)was used as an outcome measure to evaluate the functional changes in the patients.Statistical tests were applied on the pre-intervention and post-intervention scores for determining the significance.Comparative Positron Emission Tomography-computed tomography(PET CT)scans were performed in 10 patients to monitor the effect of intervention on brain function.Factors such as age,multiple doses,time since injury and severity of injury were also analyzed to determine their effect on the outcome of cell transplantation.Adverse events were monitored throughout the follow up period.Results:Overall 92%patients showed improvements in symptoms such as sitting and standing balance,voluntary control,memory,oromotor skills lower limb activities,ambulation,trunk&upper limb activity,speech,posture,communication,psychological status,cognition,attention and concentration,muscle tone,coordination,activities of daily living.A statistically significant(at p≤0.05 with p-value 0)improvement was observed in the scores of FIM after intervention on the Wilcoxon signed rank test.Better outcome of the intervention was found in patients with mild TBI,age less than 18 years and time since injury less than 5 years.Ten patients who underwent a repeat PET CT scan brain showed improved brain metabolism in areas which correlated to the symptomatic changes.Two patients had an episode of seizures which was managed with medication.They both had an abnormal EEG before the intervention and 1 of them had previous history and was on antiepileptics.No other major adverse events were recorded.Conclusion:This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of cell transplantation in chronic TBI on long term follow up.Early intervention in younger age group of patients with mild TBI showed the best outcome in this study.In combination with neurorehabilitation,cell transplantation can enhance functional recovery and improve quality of life of patients with chronic TBI.PET CT scan brain should be explored as a monitoring tool to study the efficacy of intervention.
