The demand for particleboard is increasing along with economic and population growth.However,two major barriers to the manufacture of particleboard are a shortage of raw materials(woodchips)and the emission of formald...The demand for particleboard is increasing along with economic and population growth.However,two major barriers to the manufacture of particleboard are a shortage of raw materials(woodchips)and the emission of formaldehyde from conventional adhesives.Agricultural by-products such as corn stalks contain an abundance of renewable lignocellulosic fiber.This study evaluates the effect of citric acid as a natural adhesive and fire retardant addition on the physical,mechanical,and fire retardancy properties of particleboards fabricated from corn stalks.A cost-effective and inorganic salt,calcium carbonate,was tested to enhance the fire retardancy.Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was also considered as a comparative control.Particleboards with the addition of calcium carbonate was pretreated with sodium chloride.The particleboards were pressed for 10 min at 200℃.Japanese Industrial Standard JIS A 5908:2022 was used as the benchmark for the physical and mechanical tests.Fire retardancy was dynamically tested by simulating a Bushfire Attack Level of 19 kW/m^(2).The particleboard with 25 wt%citric acid had superior mechanical properties and complied with the JIS A 5908 standard for Type 13 base particleboard.Particleboard with the addition of calcium carbonate(5%and 10%)showed significantly delayed pyrolysis time.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to examine the time series properties of Australian residential mortgage interest rates, and in doing so, establish whether or not selected home loan rates （product-level monthly home loa...The purpose of this paper is to examine the time series properties of Australian residential mortgage interest rates, and in doing so, establish whether or not selected home loan rates （product-level monthly home loan interest rates for CBA） exhibit the expected cyclical and seasonal variations and whether seasonality, if present, is stochastic or deterministic. In particular, due to a well established presence of cyclicality in financial markets＇ interest rates and strong correlation between financial markets＇ interest rates and home loan interest rates, the paper presumes that cyclicality is also to be found in home loan interest rates. Furthermore, the paper tests the hypothesis that home loan interest rates, for selected products, exhibit the three identified （＂Spring＂, ＂Autumn＂ and ＂The end of the Financial Year＂） season-related interest rate reductions. The paper uses a structural time series modelling approach and product-level home loan interest rates data from one of the biggest banks in Australia, Commonwealth Bank of Australia （CBA）. As expected, the results overall confirm the existence of cyclicality in home loan interest rates. With respect to the seasonality of home loan interest rate, although most of the analysed variables show the presence of statistically significant seasonal factors, the majority of the statistically significant seasonal factors observed cannot be attributed to any of the three considered seasonal effects.展开更多
For sustainable buildings to become mainstream they must demonstrate not only improved environmental performance but also financial performance,benefiting both end users and investors.The perceived financial constrain...For sustainable buildings to become mainstream they must demonstrate not only improved environmental performance but also financial performance,benefiting both end users and investors.The perceived financial constraints and risks are often major barriers to sustainable design.This paper discusses the application of a new tool that formalizes the traditionally intuitive-based early-stage decision making processes and assesses the potential for creating a financially feasible best-practice sustainable building across a range of environmental,social and economic parameters,using the limited data available at the outset of a project.It considers the total cost of ownership,demonstrating the link between the recurrent and capital costs.A detailed feasibility assessment of those areas where greatest potential for improving environmental and financial performance exists can then be carried out,saving a considerable amount of time,money and effort otherwise spent on looking at all possible strategies for achieving a sustainable outcome.This approach also identifies areas where incorporating environmental strategies might be financially risky,reassuring investors and developers by reducing investment risks.By reducing some of these risks and perceived barriers to sustainable building development,it is hoped that clients and investors will be further encouraged to adopt a more sustainable approach to their building projects.展开更多
Geovisual analytics provides a framework for the development of decision support tools for landscape design,analysis and optimisation.An important application is modelling the spatial-temporal movements of ruminants a...Geovisual analytics provides a framework for the development of decision support tools for landscape design,analysis and optimisation.An important application is modelling the spatial-temporal movements of ruminants and their grazing behaviour using global positioning system(GPS)collar units.This study describes the mapping and analysis of spatial distributions of animal waste products(which correlate with farm nitrogen[N]emissions)and also determination of animal feeding preferences(which correlate with animal welfare and production).Segmentation of local regions of animal N emissions provides support in meeting targets for local and international N leaching and greenhouse gas emissions.An agent-based model was used for prescreening in order to gain insights into the clustering behaviour of sheep during feeding activities.Subsequent spatial analysis demonstrated that livestock excreta are not always randomly located,but concentrated around highly localised animal gathering points,separated by the nature of the excretion.In a separate study,the statistical significance of feeding choices was determined by testing a null hypothesis on animal boundary transitions between adjacent pastures using the binomial approximation.The analysis also included compensation for the precision of the GPS sensor,which produced a fuzzy decision boundary.展开更多
The three contemporary Chinese architects, namely Yung Ho Chang, Liu Jiakun, and Wang Shu, have often been labeled as the ＇avant-garde＇ or xianfeng architects in China. In response to the xionfeng architect labet, W...The three contemporary Chinese architects, namely Yung Ho Chang, Liu Jiakun, and Wang Shu, have often been labeled as the ＇avant-garde＇ or xianfeng architects in China. In response to the xionfeng architect labet, Wang claims that he is a houfeng （rear-guard） architect because of his obsession with traditions. This paper aims to discuss the appropriateness of labeling these architects as ＇avant-garde,＇ xianfeng, or houfeng. Through the theoreticat anatysis of western discourse, notable attributes of the western architectural avant-garde are identified, and a tentative framework is developed to test its validity and usefulness in a non-western context. The term youleng is arguably a better phrase to describe these three Chinese architects considering the heterogeneous trajectory of modernity in China.展开更多
Background Within healthcare environments, the emerging field of evidence-based design (EBD) explores the links between wellbeing and good design practice of the built environment. Aim By optimising both design proces...Background Within healthcare environments, the emerging field of evidence-based design (EBD) explores the links between wellbeing and good design practice of the built environment. Aim By optimising both design processes and design outcomes, knowledge produced wrthin this field seeks to improve staff performance, augment patient healing and enhance service outcomes and experiences. Methods In a prior study by the author, a mental health service building design was developed which integrated feedback from mental health service users relative to what aspects of the built environments of their care would enhance their service outcomes and experiences, encourage them to avail themselves of services and/or engage in therapy, and those that would reduce their willingness to avail themselves of services. Results The research project protocol detailed here is the final testing stage of this body of work, where service users are invited to evaluate the final building design, experienced through virtual reality. This study addresses a gap in the literature, and aims to advance the field of EBD, and codesign with mental health service users, using virtual reality. Conclusions This research method details the aims, study design, methods and limitations of the study, with recommendations for future researchers.展开更多
Work precincts are recognized for their significant role as generators of employment and associated commerce within urban areas.This study describes a method for analyzing the physical characteristics of urban work pr...Work precincts are recognized for their significant role as generators of employment and associated commerce within urban areas.This study describes a method for analyzing the physical characteristics of urban work precincts in promoting the health and wellbeing of their occupants.The following physical parameters are analyzed:public transport accessibility,green and blue spaces,food environments,fitness facilities,supermarkets,and grocery stores.The parameters are assessed using quantitative spatial analysis based on street network data,as well as point of interest data acquired from OpenStreetMap(OSM).The streets and their intersections are stored in the OSM database as links and nodes,respectively.The evaluation of the performance metrics involves measuring the street network distance from each node to the closest node of interest for each parameter.The metrics are then combined,forming an urban health and wellbeing index(UHWI),which can be used to compare the performance of different precincts.The method was tested by investigating four work precincts in Sydney,Australia,all hosting a large office building belonging to the same business institution.Our results identified two of the four precincts with a high UHWI and resulted in the Identification of one underperforming precinct.展开更多
Fuel poverty is one of the global concerns affecting not only users’financial capacity or affordability for maintaining housing operation but also the occupants’health and wellbeing.Space heating and cooling require...Fuel poverty is one of the global concerns affecting not only users’financial capacity or affordability for maintaining housing operation but also the occupants’health and wellbeing.Space heating and cooling require a relatively large amount of domestic energy use in housing.Therefore,this study was formed with the aim to propose an innovative approach to utilising free,clean renewable sources of energy applicable to the space heating and cooling of housing in both cold and hot regions.Accordingly,housing test facilities based in Melbourne,Australia,and Kuching,Malaysia,were selected and used for this study that examined the thermal performance of a proposed‘hydronic radiator’(HR)system through simulation and onsite measurements.The geothermal heat capacity of a‘vertical ground heat exchanger’(VGHE)installed in the house in Melbourne was examined previously by the authors and the VGHE measured data was also applied to this HR performance simulation.The water that circulates through the HRs is heated by sunlight and VGHE or cooled by night sky radiation.This study drew conclusions that the sole utilisation of renewable sources through these proposed HR space heating and cooling systems can provide thermally accessible or comfortable indoor living environments in both heating or cooling dominant regions.Thus,fuel poverty issues may be alleviated through HR system application.The HRs can remove a‘sensible’portion of metabolic heat,but they cannot effectively contribute to the‘latent’heat removal.Thus,the future potential use or effect of‘flow-through’HRs,which are integrated into a underfloor air distribution(UFAD)plenum,was also dsicussed in this study.In the test house located in Melbourne,the flow-through HR UFAD system is currently under development.Therefore,the performance will be measured once the system has come into operation for further testing.展开更多
The on-going COVID-19 pandemic has wrecked havoc in our society,with short and long-term consequences to people’s lives and livelihoods-over 651 million COVID-19 cases have been confirmed with the number of deaths ex...The on-going COVID-19 pandemic has wrecked havoc in our society,with short and long-term consequences to people’s lives and livelihoods-over 651 million COVID-19 cases have been confirmed with the number of deaths exceeding 6.66 million.As people stay indoors most of the time,how to operate the Heating,Ventilation and Air-Conditioning(HVAC)systems as well as building facilities to reduce airborne infections have become hot research topics.This paper presents a systematic review on COVID-19 related research in HVAC systems and the indoor environment.Firstly,it reviews the research on the improvement of ventilation,filtration,heating and air-conditioning systems since the onset of COVID-19.Secondly,various indoor environment improvement measures to minimize airborne spread,such as building envelope design,physical barriers and vent position arrangement,and the possible impact of COVID-19 on building energy consumption are examined.Thirdly,it provides comparisons on the building operation guidelines for preventing the spread of COVID-19 virus from different countries.Finally,recommendations for future studies are provided.展开更多
Nowadays, Tianjin becomes a major economic development zone, emulating operations seen in Shenzhen and Shanghai. But the corresponding large-scale urban development is bringing great challenges to the existing modern ...Nowadays, Tianjin becomes a major economic development zone, emulating operations seen in Shenzhen and Shanghai. But the corresponding large-scale urban development is bringing great challenges to the existing modern architectural heritage, which is an indispensable part of Tianjin's history, character, and culture. The Wudadao Area in the previous British Concession is such a case. Through examining its development process, this research identif ies four modes of preservation strategies, and analyses the respective characteristics. Multiple stakeholders who take part in Wudadao's preservation and regeneration are recognized. Via case studies, the research elucidates the different roles played by responsible departments in Tianjin Municipal Government, state-owned enterprises, and local residents respectively. In a micro-circulation way, Wudadao has developed from an endangered colonial settlement to a re-recognized symbol of Tianjin's urban culture and a refurbished showcase of global identity.展开更多
With the explosion of digital data,the need for advanced visual analytics,including coordinated multiple views(CMV),is rapidly increasing.CMV enable users to discover patterns and examine relationships across multiple...With the explosion of digital data,the need for advanced visual analytics,including coordinated multiple views(CMV),is rapidly increasing.CMV enable users to discover patterns and examine relationships across multiple visualizations of one or multiple datasets.CMV have been implemented in a web-based environment through the Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network(AURIN)project.AURIN offers a platform providing seamless and secure access to an extensive range of distributed urban datasets across Australia.Visual exploration of these datasets is essential to support research endeavors.This paper focuses on the challenges in dealing with complexity and multidimensionality of datasets used in CMV.We rely on the concept of multidimensional data cubes as the theoretical framework for coordination across visualizations.Using the concept of data cubes and hierarchical dimensions,we present strategies to automatically build render groups.This provides an implicit coordination based on cube structures and a framework to establish links between a dataset with its aggregates in a one-to-many fashion.The CMV approach is demonstrated using aggregate-level data,which is provided through federated data services.The paper discusses the issues around our CMV implementation and concludes by reflecting on the challenges in supporting spatio-temporal urban data exploration.展开更多
China’s mega urban regions are focal points of economic development and environmental concerns.This paper positions four mega urban regions(i.e.,the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,the Bohai Bay Area,and th...China’s mega urban regions are focal points of economic development and environmental concerns.This paper positions four mega urban regions(i.e.,the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,the Bohai Bay Area,and the South-eastern Fujian Province)along China’s coast into the national economy and elaborates their development challenges and planning innovations.Mega urban regions in China are spatial consequences of rapid economic transition.They deserve close scrutiny and demands for innovative planning responses in order to maintain their key role in driving economic growth but limiting their greenhouse gas emission.展开更多
Trees belong to humanity’s heritage,but they are more than that.Their loss,through catastrophic fires or under business-as-usual,is devastating to many forms of life.Moved by this fact,we begin with an assertion that...Trees belong to humanity’s heritage,but they are more than that.Their loss,through catastrophic fires or under business-as-usual,is devastating to many forms of life.Moved by this fact,we begin with an assertion that heritage can have an active role in the design of future places.Written from within the field of architecture,this article focuses on structures that house life.Habitat features of trees and artificial replacement habitats for arboreal wildlife serve as concrete examples.Designs of such habitats need to reflect behaviours,traditions and cultures of birds,bats,and other animals.Our narrative highlights the nonhuman aspect of heritage,seeking to understand how nonhuman stakeholders can act as users and consumers of heritage and not only as its constituents.Our working definition states that more-than-human heritage encompasses tangible and intangible outcomes of historical processes that are of value to human as well as nonhuman stakeholders.From this basis,the article asks how the established notions of heritage can extend to include nonhuman concerns,artefacts,behaviours and cultures.As a possible answer to this question,the hypothesis tested here is that digital information can(1)contribute to the preservation of more-than-human heritage;and(2)illuminate its characteristics for future study and use.This article assesses the potential of three imaging technologies and considers the resulting data within the conceptual framework of more-than-human heritage,illuminating some of its concrete aspects and challenges.展开更多
文摘The demand for particleboard is increasing along with economic and population growth.However,two major barriers to the manufacture of particleboard are a shortage of raw materials(woodchips)and the emission of formaldehyde from conventional adhesives.Agricultural by-products such as corn stalks contain an abundance of renewable lignocellulosic fiber.This study evaluates the effect of citric acid as a natural adhesive and fire retardant addition on the physical,mechanical,and fire retardancy properties of particleboards fabricated from corn stalks.A cost-effective and inorganic salt,calcium carbonate,was tested to enhance the fire retardancy.Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was also considered as a comparative control.Particleboards with the addition of calcium carbonate was pretreated with sodium chloride.The particleboards were pressed for 10 min at 200℃.Japanese Industrial Standard JIS A 5908:2022 was used as the benchmark for the physical and mechanical tests.Fire retardancy was dynamically tested by simulating a Bushfire Attack Level of 19 kW/m^(2).The particleboard with 25 wt%citric acid had superior mechanical properties and complied with the JIS A 5908 standard for Type 13 base particleboard.Particleboard with the addition of calcium carbonate(5%and 10%)showed significantly delayed pyrolysis time.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to examine the time series properties of Australian residential mortgage interest rates, and in doing so, establish whether or not selected home loan rates （product-level monthly home loan interest rates for CBA） exhibit the expected cyclical and seasonal variations and whether seasonality, if present, is stochastic or deterministic. In particular, due to a well established presence of cyclicality in financial markets＇ interest rates and strong correlation between financial markets＇ interest rates and home loan interest rates, the paper presumes that cyclicality is also to be found in home loan interest rates. Furthermore, the paper tests the hypothesis that home loan interest rates, for selected products, exhibit the three identified （＂Spring＂, ＂Autumn＂ and ＂The end of the Financial Year＂） season-related interest rate reductions. The paper uses a structural time series modelling approach and product-level home loan interest rates data from one of the biggest banks in Australia, Commonwealth Bank of Australia （CBA）. As expected, the results overall confirm the existence of cyclicality in home loan interest rates. With respect to the seasonality of home loan interest rate, although most of the analysed variables show the presence of statistically significant seasonal factors, the majority of the statistically significant seasonal factors observed cannot be attributed to any of the three considered seasonal effects.
文摘For sustainable buildings to become mainstream they must demonstrate not only improved environmental performance but also financial performance,benefiting both end users and investors.The perceived financial constraints and risks are often major barriers to sustainable design.This paper discusses the application of a new tool that formalizes the traditionally intuitive-based early-stage decision making processes and assesses the potential for creating a financially feasible best-practice sustainable building across a range of environmental,social and economic parameters,using the limited data available at the outset of a project.It considers the total cost of ownership,demonstrating the link between the recurrent and capital costs.A detailed feasibility assessment of those areas where greatest potential for improving environmental and financial performance exists can then be carried out,saving a considerable amount of time,money and effort otherwise spent on looking at all possible strategies for achieving a sustainable outcome.This approach also identifies areas where incorporating environmental strategies might be financially risky,reassuring investors and developers by reducing investment risks.By reducing some of these risks and perceived barriers to sustainable building development,it is hoped that clients and investors will be further encouraged to adopt a more sustainable approach to their building projects.
文摘Geovisual analytics provides a framework for the development of decision support tools for landscape design,analysis and optimisation.An important application is modelling the spatial-temporal movements of ruminants and their grazing behaviour using global positioning system(GPS)collar units.This study describes the mapping and analysis of spatial distributions of animal waste products(which correlate with farm nitrogen[N]emissions)and also determination of animal feeding preferences(which correlate with animal welfare and production).Segmentation of local regions of animal N emissions provides support in meeting targets for local and international N leaching and greenhouse gas emissions.An agent-based model was used for prescreening in order to gain insights into the clustering behaviour of sheep during feeding activities.Subsequent spatial analysis demonstrated that livestock excreta are not always randomly located,but concentrated around highly localised animal gathering points,separated by the nature of the excretion.In a separate study,the statistical significance of feeding choices was determined by testing a null hypothesis on animal boundary transitions between adjacent pastures using the binomial approximation.The analysis also included compensation for the precision of the GPS sensor,which produced a fuzzy decision boundary.
文摘The three contemporary Chinese architects, namely Yung Ho Chang, Liu Jiakun, and Wang Shu, have often been labeled as the ＇avant-garde＇ or xianfeng architects in China. In response to the xionfeng architect labet, Wang claims that he is a houfeng （rear-guard） architect because of his obsession with traditions. This paper aims to discuss the appropriateness of labeling these architects as ＇avant-garde,＇ xianfeng, or houfeng. Through the theoreticat anatysis of western discourse, notable attributes of the western architectural avant-garde are identified, and a tentative framework is developed to test its validity and usefulness in a non-western context. The term youleng is arguably a better phrase to describe these three Chinese architects considering the heterogeneous trajectory of modernity in China.
文摘Background Within healthcare environments, the emerging field of evidence-based design (EBD) explores the links between wellbeing and good design practice of the built environment. Aim By optimising both design processes and design outcomes, knowledge produced wrthin this field seeks to improve staff performance, augment patient healing and enhance service outcomes and experiences. Methods In a prior study by the author, a mental health service building design was developed which integrated feedback from mental health service users relative to what aspects of the built environments of their care would enhance their service outcomes and experiences, encourage them to avail themselves of services and/or engage in therapy, and those that would reduce their willingness to avail themselves of services. Results The research project protocol detailed here is the final testing stage of this body of work, where service users are invited to evaluate the final building design, experienced through virtual reality. This study addresses a gap in the literature, and aims to advance the field of EBD, and codesign with mental health service users, using virtual reality. Conclusions This research method details the aims, study design, methods and limitations of the study, with recommendations for future researchers.
文摘Work precincts are recognized for their significant role as generators of employment and associated commerce within urban areas.This study describes a method for analyzing the physical characteristics of urban work precincts in promoting the health and wellbeing of their occupants.The following physical parameters are analyzed:public transport accessibility,green and blue spaces,food environments,fitness facilities,supermarkets,and grocery stores.The parameters are assessed using quantitative spatial analysis based on street network data,as well as point of interest data acquired from OpenStreetMap(OSM).The streets and their intersections are stored in the OSM database as links and nodes,respectively.The evaluation of the performance metrics involves measuring the street network distance from each node to the closest node of interest for each parameter.The metrics are then combined,forming an urban health and wellbeing index(UHWI),which can be used to compare the performance of different precincts.The method was tested by investigating four work precincts in Sydney,Australia,all hosting a large office building belonging to the same business institution.Our results identified two of the four precincts with a high UHWI and resulted in the Identification of one underperforming precinct.
文摘Fuel poverty is one of the global concerns affecting not only users’financial capacity or affordability for maintaining housing operation but also the occupants’health and wellbeing.Space heating and cooling require a relatively large amount of domestic energy use in housing.Therefore,this study was formed with the aim to propose an innovative approach to utilising free,clean renewable sources of energy applicable to the space heating and cooling of housing in both cold and hot regions.Accordingly,housing test facilities based in Melbourne,Australia,and Kuching,Malaysia,were selected and used for this study that examined the thermal performance of a proposed‘hydronic radiator’(HR)system through simulation and onsite measurements.The geothermal heat capacity of a‘vertical ground heat exchanger’(VGHE)installed in the house in Melbourne was examined previously by the authors and the VGHE measured data was also applied to this HR performance simulation.The water that circulates through the HRs is heated by sunlight and VGHE or cooled by night sky radiation.This study drew conclusions that the sole utilisation of renewable sources through these proposed HR space heating and cooling systems can provide thermally accessible or comfortable indoor living environments in both heating or cooling dominant regions.Thus,fuel poverty issues may be alleviated through HR system application.The HRs can remove a‘sensible’portion of metabolic heat,but they cannot effectively contribute to the‘latent’heat removal.Thus,the future potential use or effect of‘flow-through’HRs,which are integrated into a underfloor air distribution(UFAD)plenum,was also dsicussed in this study.In the test house located in Melbourne,the flow-through HR UFAD system is currently under development.Therefore,the performance will be measured once the system has come into operation for further testing.
文摘The on-going COVID-19 pandemic has wrecked havoc in our society,with short and long-term consequences to people’s lives and livelihoods-over 651 million COVID-19 cases have been confirmed with the number of deaths exceeding 6.66 million.As people stay indoors most of the time,how to operate the Heating,Ventilation and Air-Conditioning(HVAC)systems as well as building facilities to reduce airborne infections have become hot research topics.This paper presents a systematic review on COVID-19 related research in HVAC systems and the indoor environment.Firstly,it reviews the research on the improvement of ventilation,filtration,heating and air-conditioning systems since the onset of COVID-19.Secondly,various indoor environment improvement measures to minimize airborne spread,such as building envelope design,physical barriers and vent position arrangement,and the possible impact of COVID-19 on building energy consumption are examined.Thirdly,it provides comparisons on the building operation guidelines for preventing the spread of COVID-19 virus from different countries.Finally,recommendations for future studies are provided.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation No.51478299&51108307
文摘Nowadays, Tianjin becomes a major economic development zone, emulating operations seen in Shenzhen and Shanghai. But the corresponding large-scale urban development is bringing great challenges to the existing modern architectural heritage, which is an indispensable part of Tianjin's history, character, and culture. The Wudadao Area in the previous British Concession is such a case. Through examining its development process, this research identif ies four modes of preservation strategies, and analyses the respective characteristics. Multiple stakeholders who take part in Wudadao's preservation and regeneration are recognized. Via case studies, the research elucidates the different roles played by responsible departments in Tianjin Municipal Government, state-owned enterprises, and local residents respectively. In a micro-circulation way, Wudadao has developed from an endangered colonial settlement to a re-recognized symbol of Tianjin's urban culture and a refurbished showcase of global identity.
文摘With the explosion of digital data,the need for advanced visual analytics,including coordinated multiple views(CMV),is rapidly increasing.CMV enable users to discover patterns and examine relationships across multiple visualizations of one or multiple datasets.CMV have been implemented in a web-based environment through the Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network(AURIN)project.AURIN offers a platform providing seamless and secure access to an extensive range of distributed urban datasets across Australia.Visual exploration of these datasets is essential to support research endeavors.This paper focuses on the challenges in dealing with complexity and multidimensionality of datasets used in CMV.We rely on the concept of multidimensional data cubes as the theoretical framework for coordination across visualizations.Using the concept of data cubes and hierarchical dimensions,we present strategies to automatically build render groups.This provides an implicit coordination based on cube structures and a framework to establish links between a dataset with its aggregates in a one-to-many fashion.The CMV approach is demonstrated using aggregate-level data,which is provided through federated data services.The paper discusses the issues around our CMV implementation and concludes by reflecting on the challenges in supporting spatio-temporal urban data exploration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40971092)the Australian Research Council(ARC2009-DP1094801).
文摘China’s mega urban regions are focal points of economic development and environmental concerns.This paper positions four mega urban regions(i.e.,the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,the Bohai Bay Area,and the South-eastern Fujian Province)along China’s coast into the national economy and elaborates their development challenges and planning innovations.Mega urban regions in China are spatial consequences of rapid economic transition.They deserve close scrutiny and demands for innovative planning responses in order to maintain their key role in driving economic growth but limiting their greenhouse gas emission.
基金The Australia Research Council’s Discovery Project grant DP170104010,Place and Parametricism:Provocations for the Rethinking of Design,supported the work on the project discussed in this article。
文摘Trees belong to humanity’s heritage,but they are more than that.Their loss,through catastrophic fires or under business-as-usual,is devastating to many forms of life.Moved by this fact,we begin with an assertion that heritage can have an active role in the design of future places.Written from within the field of architecture,this article focuses on structures that house life.Habitat features of trees and artificial replacement habitats for arboreal wildlife serve as concrete examples.Designs of such habitats need to reflect behaviours,traditions and cultures of birds,bats,and other animals.Our narrative highlights the nonhuman aspect of heritage,seeking to understand how nonhuman stakeholders can act as users and consumers of heritage and not only as its constituents.Our working definition states that more-than-human heritage encompasses tangible and intangible outcomes of historical processes that are of value to human as well as nonhuman stakeholders.From this basis,the article asks how the established notions of heritage can extend to include nonhuman concerns,artefacts,behaviours and cultures.As a possible answer to this question,the hypothesis tested here is that digital information can(1)contribute to the preservation of more-than-human heritage;and(2)illuminate its characteristics for future study and use.This article assesses the potential of three imaging technologies and considers the resulting data within the conceptual framework of more-than-human heritage,illuminating some of its concrete aspects and challenges.
