Emerging memristive devices offer enormous advantages for applications such as non-volatile memories and inmemory computing(IMC),but there is a rising interest in using memristive technologies for security application...Emerging memristive devices offer enormous advantages for applications such as non-volatile memories and inmemory computing(IMC),but there is a rising interest in using memristive technologies for security applications in the era of internet of things(IoT).In this review article,for achieving secure hardware systems in IoT,lowpower design techniques based on emerging memristive technology for hardware security primitives/systems are presented.By reviewing the state-of-the-art in three highlighted memristive application areas,i.e.memristive non-volatile memory,memristive reconfigurable logic computing and memristive artificial intelligent computing,their application-level impacts on the novel implementations of secret key generation,crypto functions and machine learning attacks are explored,respectively.For the low-power security applications in IoT,it is essential to understand how to best realize cryptographic circuitry using memristive circuitries,and to assess the implications of memristive crypto implementations on security and to develop novel computing paradigms that will enhance their security.This review article aims to help researchers to explore security solutions,to analyze new possible threats and to develop corresponding protections for the secure hardware systems based on low-cost memristive circuit designs.展开更多
This article presents a proposal for a model of a microprogram control unit (CMCU) with output identification adapted for implementation in complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) equipped with integrated memory mod...This article presents a proposal for a model of a microprogram control unit (CMCU) with output identification adapted for implementation in complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) equipped with integrated memory modules [1]. An approach which applies two sources of code and one-hot encoding has been used in a base CMCU model with output identification [2] [3]. The article depicts a complete example of processing for the proposed CMCU model. Furthermore, it also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the approach in question and presents the results of the experiments conducted on a real CPLD system.展开更多
The article presents a modification to the method which applies two sources of data. The modification is depicted on the example of a compositional microprogram control unit (CMCU) model with base structure implemente...The article presents a modification to the method which applies two sources of data. The modification is depicted on the example of a compositional microprogram control unit (CMCU) model with base structure implemented in the complex programmable logic devices (CPLD). First, the conditions needed to apply the method are presented, followed by the results of its implementation in real hardware.展开更多
A simple model of the phase-detection autofocus device based on the partially masked sensor pixels is described. The cross-correlation function of the half-images registered by the masked pixels is proposed as a focus...A simple model of the phase-detection autofocus device based on the partially masked sensor pixels is described. The cross-correlation function of the half-images registered by the masked pixels is proposed as a focus function. It is shown that—in such setting—focusing is equivalent to searching of the cross-correlation function maximum. Application of stochastic approximation algorithms to unimodal and non-unimodal focus functions is shortly discussed.展开更多
Digital in the daily life of companies undeniably leads them to use services and applications of all kinds. Companies in their permanent quest for the exchange of information devote themselves to the use of the Intern...Digital in the daily life of companies undeniably leads them to use services and applications of all kinds. Companies in their permanent quest for the exchange of information devote themselves to the use of the Internet which nowadays constitutes an open door for the birth of several types of faults, some of which are unknown to certain digital professionals in the field. Corporate. The purpose of this research is to show the probable existence of digital security flaws in the daily activities carried out by companies in Burkina Faso. In companies in Burkina Faso, we seem to see a way of working that does not respect the standards and safety standards prescribed by ISO 27001. We seem to see a way of working based on the result of the gain and not on the securities measures and integrity of critical data, data confidentiality, management and prevention of possible security risks related to their activities. We seem to be witnessing in companies the immanent presence of faults which could be the work of the users of the system, of the infrastructure used which is outdated or badly configured, of software anomalies linked to programming errors, and to poor implementation of the security policy within the companies. This research is important because it exposes the handicaps that companies have in terms of digital security. The expected result is to bring out existing flaws that are not taken seriously by IT staff and propose possible solutions to overcome these security risks.展开更多
Poorly secured connected objects can compromise the security of an entire company, or even paralyze others. As useful as they are, they can be open doors for computer attacks against the company. To protect themselves...Poorly secured connected objects can compromise the security of an entire company, or even paralyze others. As useful as they are, they can be open doors for computer attacks against the company. To protect themselves, large companies set up expensive infrastructures to analyze the data that circulates inside and outside the company. They install a SOC, a Security Operation Center whose objective is to identify and analyze, using various tools, the level of protection of a company and, if necessary, to alert on vulnerabilities and leaks of security data. However, the attack detection capabilities of traditional systems are based on a base of known signatures. Problem is that it is increasingly rare to have to face threats whose signature is unknown. Artificial intelligence, on the contrary, does not look for fingerprints in the packets carrying the attack, but rather analyzes how these packets are arranged. The objective of this study is to show that the use of artificial intelligence in companies may be low and to show the positive impacts of its use compared to the traditional system used in companies. We also simulate an attack on a system equipped with artificial intelligence to highlight the advantages of AI in a computer attack. This research is important because it highlights the risks that companies expose themselves to by always remaining secure in their systems based on traditional techniques. The aim of this research is to show the advantages that AI offers on cyber security compared to the traditional security system. The expected result is to show the existing issues regarding the rate of use of AI on cybersecurity in Burkina Faso. .展开更多
Efficiency of the autofocusing algorithm implementations based on various orthogonal transforms is examined. The algorithm uses the variance of an image acquired by a sensor as a focus function. To compute the estimat...Efficiency of the autofocusing algorithm implementations based on various orthogonal transforms is examined. The algorithm uses the variance of an image acquired by a sensor as a focus function. To compute the estimate of the variance we exploit the equivalence between that estimate and the image orthogonal expansion. Energy consumption of three implementations exploiting either of the following fast orthogonal transforms: the discrete cosine, the Walsh-Hadamard, and the Haar wavelet one, is evaluated and compared. Furthermore, it is conjectured that the computation precision can considerably be reduced if the image is heavily corrupted by the noise, and a simple problem of optimal word bit-length selection with respect to the signal variance is analyzed.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to show the instability and the security risks of the information system in Burkina-Faso public administration. In this paper, witnessing unsatisfactory services such as government mess...The purpose of this research is to show the instability and the security risks of the information system in Burkina-Faso public administration. In this paper, witnessing unsatisfactory services such as government messaging (mailer.gov.bf) as well as G-cloud services which are the government cloud were studied. The behavior of user agents on the administration’s IT infrastructures which could expose the information system to security risks was also studied. The expected result shows evidence of the weakness of the public administration information system and provides some recommendation.展开更多
In this paper,we deal with questions related to blockchains in complex Internet of Things(IoT)-based ecosystems.Such ecosystems are typically composed of IoT devices,edge devices,cloud computing software services,as w...In this paper,we deal with questions related to blockchains in complex Internet of Things(IoT)-based ecosystems.Such ecosystems are typically composed of IoT devices,edge devices,cloud computing software services,as well as people,who are decision makers in scenarios such as smart cities.Many decisions related to analytics can be based on data coming from IoT sensors,software services,and people.However,they are typically based on different levels of abstraction and granularity.This poses a number of challenges when multiple blockchains are used together with smart contracts.This work proposes to apply our concept of elasticity to smart contracts and thereby enabling analytics in and between multiple blockchains in the context of IoT.We propose a reference architecture for Elastic Smart Contracts and evaluate the approach in a smart city scenario,discussing the benefits in terms of performance and self-adaptability of our solution.展开更多
Cyber Physical Systems(CPS)have been appealing in recent years as a result of the rapid emergence of unique hardware and software compositions that create smart,autonomously behaving devices.End-to-end procedures and ...Cyber Physical Systems(CPS)have been appealing in recent years as a result of the rapid emergence of unique hardware and software compositions that create smart,autonomously behaving devices.End-to-end procedures and new types of user-machine interaction are made possible via the CPS.On the one hand,these CPS applications have the potential to deliver crucial services in a variety of developing application areas,including energy management,healthcare,traffic monitoring,industrial assessment and surveillance.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks are a favorite target of Byzantine malicious attackers because of their limited energy, low calculation capability, and dynamic topology, and other important characteristics. The Byzantine Gen...Wireless sensor networks are a favorite target of Byzantine malicious attackers because of their limited energy, low calculation capability, and dynamic topology, and other important characteristics. The Byzantine Generals Problem is one of the classical problems in the area of fault tolerance, and has wide application, especially in distributed databases and systems. There is a lot of research in agreement and replication techniques that tolerate Byzantine faults. However, most of this work is not suited to large-scale wireless sensor networks, due to its high computational complexity. By introducing Fast ECDSA(Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm), which can resist timing and energy attacks, and reduce the proportion of verifying signature algorithm to generating signature algorithm to 1.2 times, we propose a new Byzantine fault-tolerant routing algorithm for large-scale wireless sensor networks with double-level hierarchical architecture. In different levels, the algorithm runs different BFT protocols.Theory and simulation results have proved that this algorithm has high security and the number of communication rounds between clusters is reduced by 1/3, which balances the network load. At the same time, the application of Fast ECDSA improves the security level of the network without burdening it.展开更多
基金supported by the DFG(German Research Foundation)Priority Program Nano Security,Project MemCrypto(Projektnummer 439827659/funding id DU 1896/2–1,PO 1220/15–1)the funding by the Fraunhofer Internal Programs under Grant No.Attract 600768。
文摘Emerging memristive devices offer enormous advantages for applications such as non-volatile memories and inmemory computing(IMC),but there is a rising interest in using memristive technologies for security applications in the era of internet of things(IoT).In this review article,for achieving secure hardware systems in IoT,lowpower design techniques based on emerging memristive technology for hardware security primitives/systems are presented.By reviewing the state-of-the-art in three highlighted memristive application areas,i.e.memristive non-volatile memory,memristive reconfigurable logic computing and memristive artificial intelligent computing,their application-level impacts on the novel implementations of secret key generation,crypto functions and machine learning attacks are explored,respectively.For the low-power security applications in IoT,it is essential to understand how to best realize cryptographic circuitry using memristive circuitries,and to assess the implications of memristive crypto implementations on security and to develop novel computing paradigms that will enhance their security.This review article aims to help researchers to explore security solutions,to analyze new possible threats and to develop corresponding protections for the secure hardware systems based on low-cost memristive circuit designs.
文摘This article presents a proposal for a model of a microprogram control unit (CMCU) with output identification adapted for implementation in complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) equipped with integrated memory modules [1]. An approach which applies two sources of code and one-hot encoding has been used in a base CMCU model with output identification [2] [3]. The article depicts a complete example of processing for the proposed CMCU model. Furthermore, it also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the approach in question and presents the results of the experiments conducted on a real CPLD system.
文摘The article presents a modification to the method which applies two sources of data. The modification is depicted on the example of a compositional microprogram control unit (CMCU) model with base structure implemented in the complex programmable logic devices (CPLD). First, the conditions needed to apply the method are presented, followed by the results of its implementation in real hardware.
基金supported by the NCN grant UMO-2011/01/B/ST7/00666.
文摘A simple model of the phase-detection autofocus device based on the partially masked sensor pixels is described. The cross-correlation function of the half-images registered by the masked pixels is proposed as a focus function. It is shown that—in such setting—focusing is equivalent to searching of the cross-correlation function maximum. Application of stochastic approximation algorithms to unimodal and non-unimodal focus functions is shortly discussed.
文摘Digital in the daily life of companies undeniably leads them to use services and applications of all kinds. Companies in their permanent quest for the exchange of information devote themselves to the use of the Internet which nowadays constitutes an open door for the birth of several types of faults, some of which are unknown to certain digital professionals in the field. Corporate. The purpose of this research is to show the probable existence of digital security flaws in the daily activities carried out by companies in Burkina Faso. In companies in Burkina Faso, we seem to see a way of working that does not respect the standards and safety standards prescribed by ISO 27001. We seem to see a way of working based on the result of the gain and not on the securities measures and integrity of critical data, data confidentiality, management and prevention of possible security risks related to their activities. We seem to be witnessing in companies the immanent presence of faults which could be the work of the users of the system, of the infrastructure used which is outdated or badly configured, of software anomalies linked to programming errors, and to poor implementation of the security policy within the companies. This research is important because it exposes the handicaps that companies have in terms of digital security. The expected result is to bring out existing flaws that are not taken seriously by IT staff and propose possible solutions to overcome these security risks.
文摘Poorly secured connected objects can compromise the security of an entire company, or even paralyze others. As useful as they are, they can be open doors for computer attacks against the company. To protect themselves, large companies set up expensive infrastructures to analyze the data that circulates inside and outside the company. They install a SOC, a Security Operation Center whose objective is to identify and analyze, using various tools, the level of protection of a company and, if necessary, to alert on vulnerabilities and leaks of security data. However, the attack detection capabilities of traditional systems are based on a base of known signatures. Problem is that it is increasingly rare to have to face threats whose signature is unknown. Artificial intelligence, on the contrary, does not look for fingerprints in the packets carrying the attack, but rather analyzes how these packets are arranged. The objective of this study is to show that the use of artificial intelligence in companies may be low and to show the positive impacts of its use compared to the traditional system used in companies. We also simulate an attack on a system equipped with artificial intelligence to highlight the advantages of AI in a computer attack. This research is important because it highlights the risks that companies expose themselves to by always remaining secure in their systems based on traditional techniques. The aim of this research is to show the advantages that AI offers on cyber security compared to the traditional security system. The expected result is to show the existing issues regarding the rate of use of AI on cybersecurity in Burkina Faso. .
基金supported by the NCN grant UMO-2011/01/B/ST7/00666.
文摘Efficiency of the autofocusing algorithm implementations based on various orthogonal transforms is examined. The algorithm uses the variance of an image acquired by a sensor as a focus function. To compute the estimate of the variance we exploit the equivalence between that estimate and the image orthogonal expansion. Energy consumption of three implementations exploiting either of the following fast orthogonal transforms: the discrete cosine, the Walsh-Hadamard, and the Haar wavelet one, is evaluated and compared. Furthermore, it is conjectured that the computation precision can considerably be reduced if the image is heavily corrupted by the noise, and a simple problem of optimal word bit-length selection with respect to the signal variance is analyzed.
文摘The purpose of this research is to show the instability and the security risks of the information system in Burkina-Faso public administration. In this paper, witnessing unsatisfactory services such as government messaging (mailer.gov.bf) as well as G-cloud services which are the government cloud were studied. The behavior of user agents on the administration’s IT infrastructures which could expose the information system to security risks was also studied. The expected result shows evidence of the weakness of the public administration information system and provides some recommendation.
基金This work was partially supported by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Agencia Estatal de Investigación under project HORATIO(RTI2018-101204-B-C21)by Junta de Andalucía under projects APOLO(US-1264651)and EKIPMENT-PLUS(P18-FR-2895)by the TU Wien Research Cluster Smart CT.
文摘In this paper,we deal with questions related to blockchains in complex Internet of Things(IoT)-based ecosystems.Such ecosystems are typically composed of IoT devices,edge devices,cloud computing software services,as well as people,who are decision makers in scenarios such as smart cities.Many decisions related to analytics can be based on data coming from IoT sensors,software services,and people.However,they are typically based on different levels of abstraction and granularity.This poses a number of challenges when multiple blockchains are used together with smart contracts.This work proposes to apply our concept of elasticity to smart contracts and thereby enabling analytics in and between multiple blockchains in the context of IoT.We propose a reference architecture for Elastic Smart Contracts and evaluate the approach in a smart city scenario,discussing the benefits in terms of performance and self-adaptability of our solution.
基金This work has received funding from the Key Laboratory Foundation of National Defense Technology under Grant 61424010208National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41911530242 and 41975142)+4 种基金5150 Spring Specialists(05492018012 and 05762018039)Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.17ZDA092)333 High-Level Talent Cultivation Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2018332)Royal Society of Edinburgh,UK and China Natural Science Foundation Council(RSE Reference:62967_Liu_2018_2)under their Joint International Projects funding schemebasic Research Programs(Natural Science Foundation)of Jiangsu Province(BK20191398 and BK20180794).
文摘Cyber Physical Systems(CPS)have been appealing in recent years as a result of the rapid emergence of unique hardware and software compositions that create smart,autonomously behaving devices.End-to-end procedures and new types of user-machine interaction are made possible via the CPS.On the one hand,these CPS applications have the potential to deliver crucial services in a variety of developing application areas,including energy management,healthcare,traffic monitoring,industrial assessment and surveillance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61332019, 61572304, 61272056, and 60970006)the Innovation Grant of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. 14ZZ089)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks (No. SKLSFO2014-06)
文摘Wireless sensor networks are a favorite target of Byzantine malicious attackers because of their limited energy, low calculation capability, and dynamic topology, and other important characteristics. The Byzantine Generals Problem is one of the classical problems in the area of fault tolerance, and has wide application, especially in distributed databases and systems. There is a lot of research in agreement and replication techniques that tolerate Byzantine faults. However, most of this work is not suited to large-scale wireless sensor networks, due to its high computational complexity. By introducing Fast ECDSA(Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm), which can resist timing and energy attacks, and reduce the proportion of verifying signature algorithm to generating signature algorithm to 1.2 times, we propose a new Byzantine fault-tolerant routing algorithm for large-scale wireless sensor networks with double-level hierarchical architecture. In different levels, the algorithm runs different BFT protocols.Theory and simulation results have proved that this algorithm has high security and the number of communication rounds between clusters is reduced by 1/3, which balances the network load. At the same time, the application of Fast ECDSA improves the security level of the network without burdening it.
