This paper describes a versatile and computationally efficient method for coupling several finite element analysis(FEA)programs together so that the unique modeling and analysis capabilities of each code can be utiliz...This paper describes a versatile and computationally efficient method for coupling several finite element analysis(FEA)programs together so that the unique modeling and analysis capabilities of each code can be utilized simultaneously to simulate the static or dynamic response of a complete numerical system.An arbitrary number of finite element analysis software packages can be coupled by adding two special types of elements,namely generic and adapter elements,to each of the finite element applications using their programming interface.These elements are inserted at the interfaces between the different sub-domains of the complete system modeled by each finite element analysis software package.Exchange of data between the coupled FEA codes is accomplished in a modular and synchronized manner using OpenFresco(Opensource Framework for Experimental Setup and Control).OpenFresco is an objectoriented,environment independent software framework initially developed for hybrid simulation in which certain aspects of a complete structure are simulated numerically and other aspects are simultaneously tested physically.An important practical advantage of this coupled analysis approach is that all of the connected FEA codes run concurrently and continuously,decreasing analysis time consumption by an order of magnitude or more compared to more traditional approaches that shut down and restart the coupled analysis codes at each integration time step.The implementation and accuracy of this approach to FE software coupling are demonstrated using dynamic analyses of three simple structural models from the field of earthquake engineering.展开更多
Hybrid simulation can be a cost effective approach for dynamic testing of structural components at full scale while capturing the system level response through interactions with a numerical model.The dynamic response ...Hybrid simulation can be a cost effective approach for dynamic testing of structural components at full scale while capturing the system level response through interactions with a numerical model.The dynamic response of a seismically isolated structure depends on the combined characteristics of the ground motion,bearings,and superstructure.Therefore,dynamic full-scale system level tests of isolated structures under realistic dynamic loading conditions are desirable towards a holistic validation of this earthquake protection strategy.Moreover,bearing properties and their ultimate behavior have been shown to be highly dependent on rate-of-loading and scale size effects,especially under extreme loading conditions.Few laboratory facilities can test full-scale seismic isolation bearings under prescribed displacement and/or loading protocols.The adaptation of a full-scale bearing test machine for the implementation of real-time hybrid simulation is presented here with a focus on the challenges encountered in attaining reliable simulation results for large scale dynamic tests.These advanced real-time hybrid simulations of large and complex hybrid models with several thousands of degrees of freedom are some of the first to use high performance parallel computing to rapidly execute the numerical analyses.Challenges in the experimental setup included measured forces contaminated by delay and other systematic control errors in applying desired displacements.Friction and inertial forces generated by the large-scale loading apparatus can affect the accuracy of measured force feedbacks.Reliable results from real-time hybrid simulation requires implementation of compensation algorithms and correction of these various sources of errors.Overall,this research program confirms that real-time hybrid simulation is a viable testing method to experimentally assess the behavior of full-scale isolators while capturing interactions with the numerical models of the superstructure to evaluate system level and in-structure response.展开更多
基金Funding for this work was provided in part by the National Science Foundation through a subaward from the NEES Consortium,Inc.under Cooperative Agreement CMS0402490.The authors appreciate the assistance of Dr.Frank McKenna of the University of California,Berkeley,Dr.John Hallquist of Livermore Software Technology Corporation,and Prof.Yoshikazu Takahashi of Kyoto University.The findings and conclusions are those of the authors alone,and may not reflect those of the sponsors.
文摘This paper describes a versatile and computationally efficient method for coupling several finite element analysis(FEA)programs together so that the unique modeling and analysis capabilities of each code can be utilized simultaneously to simulate the static or dynamic response of a complete numerical system.An arbitrary number of finite element analysis software packages can be coupled by adding two special types of elements,namely generic and adapter elements,to each of the finite element applications using their programming interface.These elements are inserted at the interfaces between the different sub-domains of the complete system modeled by each finite element analysis software package.Exchange of data between the coupled FEA codes is accomplished in a modular and synchronized manner using OpenFresco(Opensource Framework for Experimental Setup and Control).OpenFresco is an objectoriented,environment independent software framework initially developed for hybrid simulation in which certain aspects of a complete structure are simulated numerically and other aspects are simultaneously tested physically.An important practical advantage of this coupled analysis approach is that all of the connected FEA codes run concurrently and continuously,decreasing analysis time consumption by an order of magnitude or more compared to more traditional approaches that shut down and restart the coupled analysis codes at each integration time step.The implementation and accuracy of this approach to FE software coupling are demonstrated using dynamic analyses of three simple structural models from the field of earthquake engineering.
文摘Hybrid simulation can be a cost effective approach for dynamic testing of structural components at full scale while capturing the system level response through interactions with a numerical model.The dynamic response of a seismically isolated structure depends on the combined characteristics of the ground motion,bearings,and superstructure.Therefore,dynamic full-scale system level tests of isolated structures under realistic dynamic loading conditions are desirable towards a holistic validation of this earthquake protection strategy.Moreover,bearing properties and their ultimate behavior have been shown to be highly dependent on rate-of-loading and scale size effects,especially under extreme loading conditions.Few laboratory facilities can test full-scale seismic isolation bearings under prescribed displacement and/or loading protocols.The adaptation of a full-scale bearing test machine for the implementation of real-time hybrid simulation is presented here with a focus on the challenges encountered in attaining reliable simulation results for large scale dynamic tests.These advanced real-time hybrid simulations of large and complex hybrid models with several thousands of degrees of freedom are some of the first to use high performance parallel computing to rapidly execute the numerical analyses.Challenges in the experimental setup included measured forces contaminated by delay and other systematic control errors in applying desired displacements.Friction and inertial forces generated by the large-scale loading apparatus can affect the accuracy of measured force feedbacks.Reliable results from real-time hybrid simulation requires implementation of compensation algorithms and correction of these various sources of errors.Overall,this research program confirms that real-time hybrid simulation is a viable testing method to experimentally assess the behavior of full-scale isolators while capturing interactions with the numerical models of the superstructure to evaluate system level and in-structure response.
