The caudal forelimb area(CFA)of the mouse cortex is essential in many forelimb movements,and diverse types of GABAergic interneuron in the CFA are distinct in the mediation of cortical inhibition in motor information ...The caudal forelimb area(CFA)of the mouse cortex is essential in many forelimb movements,and diverse types of GABAergic interneuron in the CFA are distinct in the mediation of cortical inhibition in motor information processing.However,their long-range inputs remain unclear.In the present study,we combined the monosynaptic rabies virus system with Cre driver mouse lines to generate a whole-brain map of the inputs to three major inhibitory interneuron types in the CFA.We discovered that each type was innervated by the same upstream areas,but there were quantitative differences in the inputs from the cortex,thalamus,and pallidum.Comparing the locations of the interneurons in two subregions of the CFA,we discovered that their long-range inputs were remarkably different in distribution and proportion.This whole-brain mapping indicates the existence of parallel pathway organization in the forelimb subnetwork and provides insight into the inhibitory processes in forelimb movement to reveal the structural architecture underlying the functions of the CFA.展开更多
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BNST) plays a critical role in regulating anxiety, yet the involved specific cell types and their connections functioning in anxiety-related behaviors remains elusive. Here we i...The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BNST) plays a critical role in regulating anxiety, yet the involved specific cell types and their connections functioning in anxiety-related behaviors remains elusive. Here we identified two cell subpopulations—corticotropin-releasing hormone-positive(CRH+) and protein kinase C-δ-positive(PKC-δ+) neurons—each displayed discrete emotionally valenced behaviors in the anterior-dorsal BNST(ad BNST). Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and virus-assisted circuit tracing techniques, we delineated the local and long-range connectivity networks in a cell-type-specific manner. The results show that the CRH+ and PKC-δ+ neurons received inputs from similar brain regions and exhibited significant differences in the downstream projection density. In addition, in vivo calcium imaging as well as gain-and loss-of-function studies characterized the physiological response properties and the functional heterogeneities in modulating anxiety, further suggesting the similarity and individuality between the two ad BNST cell types. These results provide novel insights into the circuit architecture of ad BNST neurons underlying the functionally specific neural pathways that relate to anxiety disorders.展开更多
Dear Editor,The cholinergic system plays an important role in regulating locomotion and motor functions by modulating neuronal activity[1].However,the anatomical relationships between the brain-wide cholinergic system...Dear Editor,The cholinergic system plays an important role in regulating locomotion and motor functions by modulating neuronal activity[1].However,the anatomical relationships between the brain-wide cholinergic system and skeletal muscles remain unclear.To understand how this system modulates the activity of skeletal muscles,details of the pattern of cholinergic innervation and differences in the innervation of skeletal muscles are necessary.However,classical immunohistochemical methods are unable to test unequivocally whether a mapping exists in the connections from the brain to skeletal muscles.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61721092,91749209,and 31871088)the Director Fund of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics。
文摘The caudal forelimb area(CFA)of the mouse cortex is essential in many forelimb movements,and diverse types of GABAergic interneuron in the CFA are distinct in the mediation of cortical inhibition in motor information processing.However,their long-range inputs remain unclear.In the present study,we combined the monosynaptic rabies virus system with Cre driver mouse lines to generate a whole-brain map of the inputs to three major inhibitory interneuron types in the CFA.We discovered that each type was innervated by the same upstream areas,but there were quantitative differences in the inputs from the cortex,thalamus,and pallidum.Comparing the locations of the interneurons in two subregions of the CFA,we discovered that their long-range inputs were remarkably different in distribution and proportion.This whole-brain mapping indicates the existence of parallel pathway organization in the forelimb subnetwork and provides insight into the inhibitory processes in forelimb movement to reveal the structural architecture underlying the functions of the CFA.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671105)Science Fund for Creative Research Group of China(61721092),“National Basic Research Program of China”(973 program 2015CB755603)Director Fund of the Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and partly supported by the open funds of the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology,Fudan University.
文摘The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BNST) plays a critical role in regulating anxiety, yet the involved specific cell types and their connections functioning in anxiety-related behaviors remains elusive. Here we identified two cell subpopulations—corticotropin-releasing hormone-positive(CRH+) and protein kinase C-δ-positive(PKC-δ+) neurons—each displayed discrete emotionally valenced behaviors in the anterior-dorsal BNST(ad BNST). Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and virus-assisted circuit tracing techniques, we delineated the local and long-range connectivity networks in a cell-type-specific manner. The results show that the CRH+ and PKC-δ+ neurons received inputs from similar brain regions and exhibited significant differences in the downstream projection density. In addition, in vivo calcium imaging as well as gain-and loss-of-function studies characterized the physiological response properties and the functional heterogeneities in modulating anxiety, further suggesting the similarity and individuality between the two ad BNST cell types. These results provide novel insights into the circuit architecture of ad BNST neurons underlying the functionally specific neural pathways that relate to anxiety disorders.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Foundation of Health and Family Planning Commission of Hubei Province,China(WJ2018H0074)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61721092,81670240 and 81873467).
文摘Dear Editor,The cholinergic system plays an important role in regulating locomotion and motor functions by modulating neuronal activity[1].However,the anatomical relationships between the brain-wide cholinergic system and skeletal muscles remain unclear.To understand how this system modulates the activity of skeletal muscles,details of the pattern of cholinergic innervation and differences in the innervation of skeletal muscles are necessary.However,classical immunohistochemical methods are unable to test unequivocally whether a mapping exists in the connections from the brain to skeletal muscles.
