Since the first fatal car accident happened in London on August 17th 1896,1 more than 32 million people have died from car accidents which outnumber the total deaths caused by wars or natural disasters. According to a...Since the first fatal car accident happened in London on August 17th 1896,1 more than 32 million people have died from car accidents which outnumber the total deaths caused by wars or natural disasters. According to a report from the WHO, traffic accidents claim about 1.2 million lives in the world annually and an additional 50 million people are injured.The number of fatalities from traffic accidents is estimated to jump 67％ by 2020.Compared with 2000, the number will drop by 27％ in developed countries, but rise by 83％ in middle-and low-income countries.Victims whose ages range from 15 to 44 years will make up more than half of them.展开更多
Objective： Inflammation plays a critical role in secondary brain damage after intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）. However, the mechanisms of inflammatory injury following ICH are still unclear, particularly the involve...Objective： Inflammation plays a critical role in secondary brain damage after intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）. However, the mechanisms of inflammatory injury following ICH are still unclear, particularly the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome, which are crucial to sterile inflammatory responses. In this study, we aim to test the hypothesis that NLRP3 signaling pathway takes a vital position in ICH-induced sec- ondary inflammatory damage and detect the role of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1 （NMDARI） in this progress. Methods： ICH was induced in mice by microinjection of heroin into the striatum. The protein levels of NMDAR1, NMDAR1 phosphorylation, NLRP3 and IL-113 were measured by Western blot. The binding of NMDARI to NLRP3 was detected by immunoprecipitation. Results： The expression of NMDARI, NMDAR1 phosphorylation, NLRP3 and IL-I ~ were rapidly increased after ICH. Heroin treatment enhanced NMDAR1 expression and NMDAR1 phosphorylation, as well in cultured microglial cells treated by hemin. Hemin up-regulated NLRP3 and IL-I]3 level, which was reversed by MK801 （NMDAR antagonist） in vitro. Hemin also promoted the binding of NMDAR1 to NLRP3. Conclusion： Our findings suggest that NMDARI plays a pivotal role in hemin-induced NLRP3-mediated inflammatory damage through synergistic activation.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on changes of myelin basic protein (MBP) and functional repair of sensory and motor nerve following sciatic nerve injury. Methods: The scia...Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on changes of myelin basic protein (MBP) and functional repair of sensory and motor nerve following sciatic nerve injury. Methods: The sciatic nerves of rats were injured by sectioning with shaver,and divided into 3 groups: NGF group (Group A), group of normal saline solution (Group B), untreated group (Group C). The time point of observation was at the 4th week after operation. Sensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were detected by Model WD 4000 nerve potential working diagnosis system. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for identification of MBP.Results: The latency of SEP in the Group A at the 4th week after operation was shorter than that in the Group B (P< 0.05 ). The MEP was elicited in 76% of the Group A and was higher than that in the Group B. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that there were less MBP positive cells in the Group A than in the Group B in one and four weeks respectively.Conclusions: NGF can improve the conductive function of injured peripheral nerve and facilitate regeneration of nerve.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effects of CO2 pneumo-peritoneum on blood flow volume of abdominal organs of rabbits with controlled hemorrhagic shock model and liver impact injuries.Methods: After controlled hemorrhagi...Objective: To investigate the effects of CO2 pneumo-peritoneum on blood flow volume of abdominal organs of rabbits with controlled hemorrhagic shock model and liver impact injuries.Methods: After controlled hemorrhagic shock and liver impact injuries, the rabbit model was established. Eighteen rabbits subjected to hemorrhagic shock and liver impact inju-ries were divided into 3 groups randomly according to the volume of lost blood: light hemorrhagic shock (blood loss volume was 10%, 6 ml/kg), moderate hemorrhagic shock (20%, 12 ml/kg) and severe hemorrhagic shock (40%, 22 ml/kg). Intraabdominal pressures of CO2 pneumoperitoneum was 10 mmHg. Color-labeled microspheres were used to mea-sure the blood flow volume of the liver, kidney and stomach before pneumoperitoneum at 30 minutes and 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum and 30 minutes after deflation. And the mortality and hepatic traumatic condition of rabbits were recorded.Results: Of the 18 rabbits, there were 9 with liver impact injuries at Grade Ⅰ, 8 at Grade Ⅱ and Ⅰ at Grade Ⅲ (according to AIS-2005). The mortality rate in light hemorrhagic shock group was 33.33%, and that in moderate or severe hemor-rhagic shock group was 100% within 30 minutes and 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum, respectively. The blood flow vol-ume in the organs detected decreased at 30 minutes under pneumoperitoneum in light and moderate hemorrhagic shock groups. At the same time, the blood flow volume of the liver in moderate hemorrhagic shock group decreased more sig-nificantly than that in light hemorrhagic shock group.Conclusions: The blood flow volume of abdominal organs in rabbits is decreased obviously under CO2 pneumoperitoneum, with fairly high mortality rate. It is be-lieved that CO2 pneumoperitoneum should cautiously be used in abdominal injury accompanied with hemorrhagic shock, especially under non-resuscitation conditions.展开更多
Objective： To observe the survival and the number of olfactory ensheathing cells （OECs） transplanted in the contused spinal cord, so as to provide a basis for further studying the biological action of OECs.Methods...Objective： To observe the survival and the number of olfactory ensheathing cells （OECs） transplanted in the contused spinal cord, so as to provide a basis for further studying the biological action of OECs.Methods： The rat spinal cords were contused with NYU-impactor Ⅱ at T10 level by dropping a 10 g rod from a height of 25 mm. At the 1st week after injury, OECs isolated freshly from green fluorecense protein （GFP） of the rats were transplanted into the spinal cord at injured site and other two sites 1 mm apart from the caudal and rostral ends with the OECs number of 30000/μl×3 =90000. The survival and the number of OECs were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively observed under the fluorescense microscope from 1 week to 13 weeks after transplantation. The motor function of the cord was evaluated with BBB score.Results： GFP-OECs could survive at least for 13 weeks within the contused spinal cord. Their arrangement was from tight to loose and their number was decreased from 1 week to 13 weeks after injury. The average number of GFP-OECs was 536 at the 1st week, which was less than 1% of the number as compared with original transplantation. After then, the number of GFP-OECs was continually decreased,but the most obvious decrease was found during 1 week to 2 weeks. The extent of decrease at other time points was relatively mild. In contrast to the cell number, motor function of the cord was gradually recovered after transplantation.Conclusions： The survival and the number of GFPOECs are different between the animals and are affected by the pathological reaction of the host cord. Also it is related to the motor function recovery of the contused cord.展开更多
Objective： To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases.Methods： In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite e...Objective： To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases.Methods： In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model （FEM） of the total human model for safety （THUMS） head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks.Results： In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values.Conclusions： The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.展开更多
In recent years, injuries induced by explosive blast have got more and more attention owing to weapon development and frequent terrorist activities. Tear, bleeding and edema of tissues and organs are the main manifest...In recent years, injuries induced by explosive blast have got more and more attention owing to weapon development and frequent terrorist activities. Tear, bleeding and edema of tissues and organs are the main manifestations of blast shock wave damage. Vascular endothelial barrier is the main defense of tissues and organs＇ integrity. This article aims to discuss possible mechanisms of endothelial barrier damage induced by explosive blast and main manifestations of blood brain barrier, blood-air barrier, and intestinal vascular barrier impairments. In addition, the main regulatory factors of vascular permeability are also summarized so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and cure of vascular endothelial barrier damaue resultinu from exolosive blast.展开更多
Objective： To explore the relationship between the collision parameters of vehicle and the pedestrian thorax injury by establishing the chest simulation models in car-pedestrian collision at different velocities and ...Objective： To explore the relationship between the collision parameters of vehicle and the pedestrian thorax injury by establishing the chest simulation models in car-pedestrian collision at different velocities and angles. Methods： 87 cases of vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents, with detailed injury information and determined vehicle impact parameters, were included. The severity of injury was scaled in line with the Abbreviated Injury Scale （AIS）. The chest biomechanical response parameters and change characteristics were obtained by using Hyperworks and LS-DYNA computing. Simulation analysis was applied to compare the characteristics of injuries. Results： When impact velocities at 25, 40 and 55 km/h, respectively, 1） the maximum values of thorax velocity criterion （VC） were for 0.29, 0.83 and 2.58 m/s; and at the same collision velocity, the thorax VC from the impact on pedestrian＇s front was successively greater than on his back and on his side; 2） the maximum values of peak stress on ribs were 154,177 and 209 MPa; and at the same velocity, peak stress values on ribs from the impact on pedestrian＇s side were greater than on his front and his back. Conclusion： There is a positive correlation between the severity and risk of thorax injury and the collision velocity and angle of car-thorax crashes. At the same velocity, it is of greater damage risk when the soft tissue of thorax under a front impact; and there is also a greater risk of ribs fracture under a side impact of the thorax. This result is of vital significance for diagnosis and protection of thorax collision injuries.展开更多
A total of 89 papers were published in Chinese Journal of Traumatology （CJT） in the year 2016, among which brain injury, road traffic injury, blast injury, 3D bioprinting and eye injury were discussed. The articles ...A total of 89 papers were published in Chinese Journal of Traumatology （CJT） in the year 2016, among which brain injury, road traffic injury, blast injury, 3D bioprinting and eye injury were discussed. The articles reported the latest research trends and progress in the field of trauma care. The present study gives a retrospective review on the special topics.展开更多
Trauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is an urgent task to strengthen the trauma care and prevenr related complications. In 2018, Chinese Journal of Traumatology reported a series of trauma-relate...Trauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is an urgent task to strengthen the trauma care and prevenr related complications. In 2018, Chinese Journal of Traumatology reported a series of trauma-related articles which cover the contents of pre-hospital care, in-hospital care, complication prevention, etc. The journal aims to improve the treatment levels, decrease the trauma incidence, and reduce the trauma mortality and disability.展开更多
The First International Editorial Board Meeting of Chinese Journal of Traumatology was held in Guiyang, China on August 16, 2015. Totally 32 domestic and 20 foreign professors from America. Europe, Asia and Oceania at...The First International Editorial Board Meeting of Chinese Journal of Traumatology was held in Guiyang, China on August 16, 2015. Totally 32 domestic and 20 foreign professors from America. Europe, Asia and Oceania attended the panel discussion about the future of this journal. Some experience from globally excellent journals was proposed.展开更多
文摘Since the first fatal car accident happened in London on August 17th 1896,1 more than 32 million people have died from car accidents which outnumber the total deaths caused by wars or natural disasters. According to a report from the WHO, traffic accidents claim about 1.2 million lives in the world annually and an additional 50 million people are injured.The number of fatalities from traffic accidents is estimated to jump 67％ by 2020.Compared with 2000, the number will drop by 27％ in developed countries, but rise by 83％ in middle-and low-income countries.Victims whose ages range from 15 to 44 years will make up more than half of them.
文摘Objective： Inflammation plays a critical role in secondary brain damage after intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH）. However, the mechanisms of inflammatory injury following ICH are still unclear, particularly the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome, which are crucial to sterile inflammatory responses. In this study, we aim to test the hypothesis that NLRP3 signaling pathway takes a vital position in ICH-induced sec- ondary inflammatory damage and detect the role of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 1 （NMDARI） in this progress. Methods： ICH was induced in mice by microinjection of heroin into the striatum. The protein levels of NMDAR1, NMDAR1 phosphorylation, NLRP3 and IL-113 were measured by Western blot. The binding of NMDARI to NLRP3 was detected by immunoprecipitation. Results： The expression of NMDARI, NMDAR1 phosphorylation, NLRP3 and IL-I ~ were rapidly increased after ICH. Heroin treatment enhanced NMDAR1 expression and NMDAR1 phosphorylation, as well in cultured microglial cells treated by hemin. Hemin up-regulated NLRP3 and IL-I]3 level, which was reversed by MK801 （NMDAR antagonist） in vitro. Hemin also promoted the binding of NMDAR1 to NLRP3. Conclusion： Our findings suggest that NMDARI plays a pivotal role in hemin-induced NLRP3-mediated inflammatory damage through synergistic activation.
基金ThisworkwassupportedbytheMajorStateBasicResearchDevelopmentProgramofChina (No .G19990 5 42 0 6 )
文摘Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on changes of myelin basic protein (MBP) and functional repair of sensory and motor nerve following sciatic nerve injury. Methods: The sciatic nerves of rats were injured by sectioning with shaver,and divided into 3 groups: NGF group (Group A), group of normal saline solution (Group B), untreated group (Group C). The time point of observation was at the 4th week after operation. Sensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were detected by Model WD 4000 nerve potential working diagnosis system. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for identification of MBP.Results: The latency of SEP in the Group A at the 4th week after operation was shorter than that in the Group B (P< 0.05 ). The MEP was elicited in 76% of the Group A and was higher than that in the Group B. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that there were less MBP positive cells in the Group A than in the Group B in one and four weeks respectively.Conclusions: NGF can improve the conductive function of injured peripheral nerve and facilitate regeneration of nerve.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of CO2 pneumo-peritoneum on blood flow volume of abdominal organs of rabbits with controlled hemorrhagic shock model and liver impact injuries.Methods: After controlled hemorrhagic shock and liver impact injuries, the rabbit model was established. Eighteen rabbits subjected to hemorrhagic shock and liver impact inju-ries were divided into 3 groups randomly according to the volume of lost blood: light hemorrhagic shock (blood loss volume was 10%, 6 ml/kg), moderate hemorrhagic shock (20%, 12 ml/kg) and severe hemorrhagic shock (40%, 22 ml/kg). Intraabdominal pressures of CO2 pneumoperitoneum was 10 mmHg. Color-labeled microspheres were used to mea-sure the blood flow volume of the liver, kidney and stomach before pneumoperitoneum at 30 minutes and 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum and 30 minutes after deflation. And the mortality and hepatic traumatic condition of rabbits were recorded.Results: Of the 18 rabbits, there were 9 with liver impact injuries at Grade Ⅰ, 8 at Grade Ⅱ and Ⅰ at Grade Ⅲ (according to AIS-2005). The mortality rate in light hemorrhagic shock group was 33.33%, and that in moderate or severe hemor-rhagic shock group was 100% within 30 minutes and 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum, respectively. The blood flow vol-ume in the organs detected decreased at 30 minutes under pneumoperitoneum in light and moderate hemorrhagic shock groups. At the same time, the blood flow volume of the liver in moderate hemorrhagic shock group decreased more sig-nificantly than that in light hemorrhagic shock group.Conclusions: The blood flow volume of abdominal organs in rabbits is decreased obviously under CO2 pneumoperitoneum, with fairly high mortality rate. It is be-lieved that CO2 pneumoperitoneum should cautiously be used in abdominal injury accompanied with hemorrhagic shock, especially under non-resuscitation conditions.
文摘Objective： To observe the survival and the number of olfactory ensheathing cells （OECs） transplanted in the contused spinal cord, so as to provide a basis for further studying the biological action of OECs.Methods： The rat spinal cords were contused with NYU-impactor Ⅱ at T10 level by dropping a 10 g rod from a height of 25 mm. At the 1st week after injury, OECs isolated freshly from green fluorecense protein （GFP） of the rats were transplanted into the spinal cord at injured site and other two sites 1 mm apart from the caudal and rostral ends with the OECs number of 30000/μl×3 =90000. The survival and the number of OECs were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively observed under the fluorescense microscope from 1 week to 13 weeks after transplantation. The motor function of the cord was evaluated with BBB score.Results： GFP-OECs could survive at least for 13 weeks within the contused spinal cord. Their arrangement was from tight to loose and their number was decreased from 1 week to 13 weeks after injury. The average number of GFP-OECs was 536 at the 1st week, which was less than 1% of the number as compared with original transplantation. After then, the number of GFP-OECs was continually decreased,but the most obvious decrease was found during 1 week to 2 weeks. The extent of decrease at other time points was relatively mild. In contrast to the cell number, motor function of the cord was gradually recovered after transplantation.Conclusions： The survival and the number of GFPOECs are different between the animals and are affected by the pathological reaction of the host cord. Also it is related to the motor function recovery of the contused cord.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 31200709 and 31170908）, and Academician Funds （No. cstc2012jjys0004）.
文摘Objective： To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases.Methods： In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model （FEM） of the total human model for safety （THUMS） head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks.Results： In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values.Conclusions： The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.
文摘In recent years, injuries induced by explosive blast have got more and more attention owing to weapon development and frequent terrorist activities. Tear, bleeding and edema of tissues and organs are the main manifestations of blast shock wave damage. Vascular endothelial barrier is the main defense of tissues and organs＇ integrity. This article aims to discuss possible mechanisms of endothelial barrier damage induced by explosive blast and main manifestations of blood brain barrier, blood-air barrier, and intestinal vascular barrier impairments. In addition, the main regulatory factors of vascular permeability are also summarized so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and cure of vascular endothelial barrier damaue resultinu from exolosive blast.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of China （Project number 31271006）, the Chongqing Natural Science Fund （Project number CSTC2012JJYS0004）.
文摘Objective： To explore the relationship between the collision parameters of vehicle and the pedestrian thorax injury by establishing the chest simulation models in car-pedestrian collision at different velocities and angles. Methods： 87 cases of vehicle-to-pedestrian accidents, with detailed injury information and determined vehicle impact parameters, were included. The severity of injury was scaled in line with the Abbreviated Injury Scale （AIS）. The chest biomechanical response parameters and change characteristics were obtained by using Hyperworks and LS-DYNA computing. Simulation analysis was applied to compare the characteristics of injuries. Results： When impact velocities at 25, 40 and 55 km/h, respectively, 1） the maximum values of thorax velocity criterion （VC） were for 0.29, 0.83 and 2.58 m/s; and at the same collision velocity, the thorax VC from the impact on pedestrian＇s front was successively greater than on his back and on his side; 2） the maximum values of peak stress on ribs were 154,177 and 209 MPa; and at the same velocity, peak stress values on ribs from the impact on pedestrian＇s side were greater than on his front and his back. Conclusion： There is a positive correlation between the severity and risk of thorax injury and the collision velocity and angle of car-thorax crashes. At the same velocity, it is of greater damage risk when the soft tissue of thorax under a front impact; and there is also a greater risk of ribs fracture under a side impact of the thorax. This result is of vital significance for diagnosis and protection of thorax collision injuries.
文摘A total of 89 papers were published in Chinese Journal of Traumatology （CJT） in the year 2016, among which brain injury, road traffic injury, blast injury, 3D bioprinting and eye injury were discussed. The articles reported the latest research trends and progress in the field of trauma care. The present study gives a retrospective review on the special topics.
文摘Trauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is an urgent task to strengthen the trauma care and prevenr related complications. In 2018, Chinese Journal of Traumatology reported a series of trauma-related articles which cover the contents of pre-hospital care, in-hospital care, complication prevention, etc. The journal aims to improve the treatment levels, decrease the trauma incidence, and reduce the trauma mortality and disability.
文摘The First International Editorial Board Meeting of Chinese Journal of Traumatology was held in Guiyang, China on August 16, 2015. Totally 32 domestic and 20 foreign professors from America. Europe, Asia and Oceania attended the panel discussion about the future of this journal. Some experience from globally excellent journals was proposed.
