To probe the behavior of hydrogen bonds in solid energetic materials, we conduct ReaxFF and SCC-DFTB molecular dynamics simulations of crystalline TATB, RDX, and DATB. By comparing the intra- and inter-molecular hydro...To probe the behavior of hydrogen bonds in solid energetic materials, we conduct ReaxFF and SCC-DFTB molecular dynamics simulations of crystalline TATB, RDX, and DATB. By comparing the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bond- ing rates, we find that the crystal structures are stabilized by inter-molecular hydrogen bond networks. Under high-pressure, the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds in solid TATB and DATB are nearly equivalent. The hydrogen bonds in solid TATB and DATB are much shorter than in solid RDX, which suggests strong hydrogen bond interactions existing in these energetic materials. Stretching of the C-H bond is observed in solid RDX, which may lead to further decomposition and even detonation.展开更多
Hydrogel is frequently used as a solid electrolyte for all solid-state supercapacitors(SCs)because of its liquid-like ion-transport property and high conformability.However,due to the higher water content,the hydrogel...Hydrogel is frequently used as a solid electrolyte for all solid-state supercapacitors(SCs)because of its liquid-like ion-transport property and high conformability.However,due to the higher water content,the hydrogel electrolyte undergoes inevitable freezing and/or dehydration with climate change.Herein,polypyrrole/carbon all-solid-state SCs(PCSCs)were developed based on a hierarchical polypyrrole/carbon nanotube electrode and a highly stretchable double-network polymer hydrogel electrolyte with LiCl/ethylene glycol as a mixed solvent.The PCSCs showed excellent electrochemical performance and cycle stability with a wide operating temperature.The specific capacitances could reach 202.2 and 112.3 mF cm^(−2) at current densities of 0.5 and 3.0 mA cm^(−2),respectively.Meanwhile,the PCSCs showed outstanding mechanical properties in maintaining a high areal capacitance under deformations of bending and tension.The excellent water retention of the device also ensured the stable electrochemical performance of PCSCs in a wide temperature range(30–80℃),which could potentially represent a reliable application in various harsh environments.展开更多
We present a systematic study on the formation of ultra-slow bright and dark optical solitons in highly resonant media. By investigating four life-time broadened atomic systems, i.e., three-state A-type and cascade-ty...We present a systematic study on the formation of ultra-slow bright and dark optical solitons in highly resonant media. By investigating four life-time broadened atomic systems, i.e., three-state A-type and cascade-type schemes, and four-state N-type and cascade-type schemes, we show that the formation of such ultra-slow solitons in cold atomic systems is a fairly universal phenomenon.展开更多
We present a theoretical study of the influence of a single silver sphere on the fluorescence of radix angelica dahurica, which is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. The enhancement factors of the excitation and ...We present a theoretical study of the influence of a single silver sphere on the fluorescence of radix angelica dahurica, which is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. The enhancement factors of the excitation and the relaxation processes are deduced. The excitation can be enhanced more than 100 times at 315 nm. The enhancement factor of the emission can reach up to 9 at a center wavelength of 400 nm.展开更多
We investigate the Hugoniot curve, shock-particle velocity relations, and Chapman-Jouguet conditions of the hot dense system through molecular dynamics （MD） simulations. The detailed pathways from crystal nitrometha...We investigate the Hugoniot curve, shock-particle velocity relations, and Chapman-Jouguet conditions of the hot dense system through molecular dynamics （MD） simulations. The detailed pathways from crystal nitromethane to reacted state by shock compression are simulated. The phase transition of N2 and CO mixture is found at about 10 GPa, and the main reason is that the dissociation of the C-O bond and the formation of C-C bond start at 10.0-11.0 GPa. The unreacted state simulations of nitromethane are consistent with shock Hugoniot data. The complete pathway from unreacted to reacted state is discussed. Through chemical species analysis, we find that the C-N bond breaking is the main event of the shock-induced nitromethane decomposition.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT),as one of the noninvasive clinical cancer phototherapies,suffers from the key drawback associated with hypoxia at the tumor microenvironment(TME),which plays an important role in protecting t...Photodynamic therapy(PDT),as one of the noninvasive clinical cancer phototherapies,suffers from the key drawback associated with hypoxia at the tumor microenvironment(TME),which plays an important role in protecting tumor cells from damage caused by common treatments.High concentration of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),one of the hallmarks of TME,has been recognized as a double-edged sword,posing both challenges,and opportunities for cancer therapy.The promising perspectives,strategies,and approaches for enhanced tumor therapies,including PDT,have been developed based on the fast advances in H2O2-enabled theranostic nanomedicine.In this review,we outline the latest advances in H2O2-responsive materials,including organic and inorganic materials for enhanced PDT.Finally,the challenges and opportunities for further research on H2O2-responsive anticancer agents are envisioned.展开更多
The random copolymers grafted onto the surfaces of SiO2 hollow sphere via reverse atom transfer radical polymerization （RATRP） and ＂click＂ chemistry were investigated. A sufficient amount of peroxides, as initiati...The random copolymers grafted onto the surfaces of SiO2 hollow sphere via reverse atom transfer radical polymerization （RATRP） and ＂click＂ chemistry were investigated. A sufficient amount of peroxides, as initiating moieties, were introduced onto the surface of hollow spheres. Then styrene and 4-vinylbenzyl azide were polymerized via surface-initiated reverse atom transfer radical polymerization （SI-RATRP） using the peroxide group modified hollow sphere as initiator, resulting in hollow spheres （HS） with grafted polystyrene-co-poly（4-vinylbenzyl azide） copolymer brushes as （HS-g-PS-co-PVBA） intermedi- ate material. Subsequently, N-propargyl-carbazole （PC） was covalently bonded to HS-g-PS-co-PVBA by the ＂click＂ reaction, resulting in the HS-g-PS-co-PVBPC hybrid material. The excitation spectrum is dominated by a broad band from 350 nm to 400 nm with the maximum peak at 362 nm, attributed to the characteristic absorption of the carbazole grouD of HS-g-PS-co-PVBPC hybrid material.展开更多
A structural search leads to the prediction of a novel alkaline earth nitride BeN_(4)containing a square planar N_(4)^(2-)ring.This compound has a particular chemical bonding pattern giving it potential as a high-ener...A structural search leads to the prediction of a novel alkaline earth nitride BeN_(4)containing a square planar N_(4)^(2-)ring.This compound has a particular chemical bonding pattern giving it potential as a high-energy-density material.The P4/nmm phase of BeN_(4)may be stable under ambient conditions,with a bandgap of 3.72 eV.It is predicted to have high thermodynamic and kinetic stability due to transfer of the outer-shell s electrons of the Be atom to the N_(4)cluster,with the outer-shell 2p orbital accommodating the lone-pair electrons of N_(4)^(2-).The total of sixπelectrons is the most striking feature,indicating that the square planar N_(4)^(2-)exhibits aromaticity.Under ambient conditions,BeN_(4)has a high energy density(3.924 kJ/g relative to Be3N2 and N2 gas),and its synthesis might be possible at pressures above 31.6 GPa.展开更多
Metal-and metal-oxide-based nanoparticles have been widely exploited in cancer photodynamic therapy(PDT).Among these materials,cerium-based nanoparticles have drawn extensive attention due to their superior biosafety ...Metal-and metal-oxide-based nanoparticles have been widely exploited in cancer photodynamic therapy(PDT).Among these materials,cerium-based nanoparticles have drawn extensive attention due to their superior biosafety and distinctive physicochemical properties,especially the reversible transition between the valence states of Ce(Ⅲ)and Ce(Ⅳ).In this review,the recent advances in the use of cerium-based nanoparticles as novel photosensitizers for cancer PDT are discussed,and the activation mechanisms for electron transfer to generate singlet oxygen are presented.In addition,the types of cerium-based nanoparticles used for PDT of cancer are summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects of clinical translations of cerium-based nanoparticles are briefly addressed.展开更多
We report a novel benzoxazole derivative,1,4-bis(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)naphthalene(BBON),exhibiting exceptional multifunctional properties for advanced optoelectronic applications.BBON crystals demonstrate remarkable mu...We report a novel benzoxazole derivative,1,4-bis(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)naphthalene(BBON),exhibiting exceptional multifunctional properties for advanced optoelectronic applications.BBON crystals demonstrate remarkable multidirectional bending and twisting at room temperature and retain elasticity under extreme conditions,such as exposure to liquid nitrogen,showcasing their durability.These crystals can be crafted into complex mesh and lantern shapes,highlighting their versatility for flexible and wearable technologies.Under high pressure,BBON exhibits significant piezochromic shifts,with the emission wavelength shifting from 477 to 545 nm upon pressure increase.BBON crystals,with a high quantum yield of 72.26%,exhibit excellent optical waveguide performance:0.38 dB/cm when straight and 0.56 dB/cm when bent.These properties make them ideal for smart sensors and flexible electronic devices.Single-crystal analyses reveal that molecular stacking and intermolecular interactions are crucial to their elastic and piezochromic properties,providing insights for the design of future responsive materials.展开更多
Electronic skin is driving the next generation of cutting-edge wearable electronic products due to its good wearability and high accuracy of information acquisition.However,it remains a challenge to fulfill the requir...Electronic skin is driving the next generation of cutting-edge wearable electronic products due to its good wearability and high accuracy of information acquisition.However,it remains a challenge to fulfill the requirements on detecting full-range human activities with existing flexible strain sensors.Herein,highly stretchable,sensitive,and multifunctional flexible strain sensors based on MXene-(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-)composited poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone double-network hydrogels were prepared.The uniformly distributed hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed a three-dimensional conductive network throughout the hydrogel,endowing the flexible sensor with high sensitivity.The strong interaction between the double-network hydrogel matrix and MXene greatly improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels.The resulting nanocomposited hydrogels featured great tensile performance(2400%),toughness,and resilience.Particularly,the as-prepared flexible pressure sensor revealed ultrahigh sensitivity(10.75 kPa^(-1))with a wide response range(0-61.5 kPa),fast response(33.5 ms),and low limit of detection(0.87 Pa).Moreover,the hydrogel-based flexible sensors,with high sensitivity and durability,could be employed to monitor fullrange human motions and assembled into some aligned devices for subtle pressure detection,providing enormous potential in facial expression and phonation recognition,handwriting verification,healthy diagnosis,and wearable electronics.展开更多
Hydrogel is a potential matrix material of electronic-skins(E-skins)because of its excellent ductility,tunability,and biocompatibility.However,hydrogel-based E-Skins will inevitably lose their sensing performance in p...Hydrogel is a potential matrix material of electronic-skins(E-skins)because of its excellent ductility,tunability,and biocompatibility.However,hydrogel-based E-Skins will inevitably lose their sensing performance in practical applications for water loss,physical damage,and ambient interferences.It remains a challenge to manufacture highly durable gel-based E-skins.Herein,an E-Skin is fabricated by introducing ionic liquids(ILs)into MXene-composited binary polymer network.The obtained ionic gel shows excellent mechanical properties,strong adhesion,and superior tolerance to harsh environments.The E-skin exhibits high sensitivity to both strain and pressure in a wide range of deformations,which enables a monitoring function for various human motions and physiological activities.Importantly,the E-skin shows consistent electrical response after being stored in the open air for 30 days and can be quickly healed by irradiation with 808 nm near-infrared light,originating from the photo-thermal effect induced self-healing acceleration.It is noteworthy that the E-skin also reveals a highly sensitive perception of temperature and near-infrared light,displaying the promising potential applications in the multifunctional flexible sensor.展开更多
The flourishing development in flexible electronics has provoked intensive research in flexible strain sensors to realize accurate perception acquisition under different external stimuli.However,building hydrogel-base...The flourishing development in flexible electronics has provoked intensive research in flexible strain sensors to realize accurate perception acquisition under different external stimuli.However,building hydrogel-based strain sensors with high stretchability and sensitivity remains a great challenge.Herein,MXene nanosheets were composited into polyacrylamide-sodium alginate matrix to construct mechanical robust and sensitive double networked hydrogel strain sensor.The hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed strong interactions with the polymer matrix and endowed the hydrogel with excellent tensile properties(3150%),compliant mechanical strength(2.03 kPa^(-1)in Young’s Module)and long-lasting stability and fatigue resistance(1000 dynamic cycles under 1,600%strain).Due to the highly oriented MXene-based three dimensional conductive networks,the hydrogel sensor achieved extremely high tensile sensitivity(18.15 in gauge factor)and compression sensitivity(0.38 kPa^(-1)below 3 kPa).MXene hydrogel-based strain sensors also displayed negligible hysteresis in electromechanical performance,typical frequent-independent feature and rapid response time to external stimuli.Moreover,the sensor exhibited accurate response to different scales of human movements,providing potential application in speech recognition,expression recognition and handwriting verification.展开更多
Lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3),LN)channel and ridge waveguides have been successfully fabricated by He ion implantation,which has energy of 500 keV and fluence of 1.5×10^(16)ions/cm^(2) and is combined with lithograph...Lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3),LN)channel and ridge waveguides have been successfully fabricated by He ion implantation,which has energy of 500 keV and fluence of 1.5×10^(16)ions/cm^(2) and is combined with lithography and the precise diamond dicing technique.The refractive index profile of the annealed LN planar waveguide was reconstructed.The propagation loss of the channel waveguide with a width of 10μm and that of the ridge waveguides with widths of 25μm and 15μm were investigated by the end-face coupling method.In our work,the factors that affect the waveguide properties of channel and ridge waveguides were revealed.展开更多
Chemodynamic therapy(CDT)utilizes Fenton and/or Fenton-like reactions in the tumor microenvironment(TME)to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS,mainly hydroxyl radicals,·OH)for inducing cancer cell deat...Chemodynamic therapy(CDT)utilizes Fenton and/or Fenton-like reactions in the tumor microenvironment(TME)to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS,mainly hydroxyl radicals,·OH)for inducing cancer cell death.Since CDT exhibits minimal invasiveness and high tumor specificity by responding to TME(overexpressed hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and glutathione(GSH)gener-ation),a lot of related research has been conducted recently.Photo-facilitated CDT can further enhance the catalytic activity and controllability of the treat-ment.In addition,other photo-induced therapies,including photodynamic and photothermal therapy(PDT,PTT),may synergize with CDT to obtain boosting treatment efficacy and avoid multidrug resistance.In this minireview,we summarizethe recentadvancesinphoto-assisted CDT,including PTT-facilitated CDT and PDT-facilitated CDT.More importantly,the challenges encountered in the treatment process are discussed and potential development directions are suggested to facilitate the clinicaltranslation of photo-assisted CDT in the future.展开更多
With the widespread prevailing of flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces,health monitor,and human motion detection,ultrasoft flexible sensors are urgently desired with critical demands in conformality.Herein...With the widespread prevailing of flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces,health monitor,and human motion detection,ultrasoft flexible sensors are urgently desired with critical demands in conformality.Herein,a temperature-sensitive ionogel with near-infrared(NIR)-light controlled adhesion is prepared by electrostatic interaction of poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)and acrylic acid,as well as the incorporation of the conductive polydopamine modified polypyrrole nanoparticles(PPy-PDA NPs).The PPy-PDA NPs could weaken the tough interaction between polymer chains and depress the Young’s modulus of the ionogel,thus promoting the ionogel ultrasoft(34 kPa)and highly stretchable(1,013%)performance to tensile deformations.In addition,the high photothermal conversion capacity of PPy-PDA NPs ensured the ionogel excellent NIR-light controlled adhesion and temperature sensitivity,which facilitated the ionogel on-demand removal and promised a reliable thermal sensor.Moreover,the resulted ultrasoft flexible sensor exhibited high sensitivity and stability to both strain and pressure in a broad range of deformations,enabling a precise monitoring on various human motions and physiological activities.The temperature-sensitive,ultrasoft,and controlled adhesive capabilities prompted great potential of the flexible ionogel in medical diagnosis and wearable electronics.展开更多
ZnAl2O4:Cr3+hollow spheres composed of secondary nanoparticles with single spinel phase were fabricated using carbon templets.Monitoring the emission of 687 nm,two wide excitation bands attributed to the electrons of ...ZnAl2O4:Cr3+hollow spheres composed of secondary nanoparticles with single spinel phase were fabricated using carbon templets.Monitoring the emission of 687 nm,two wide excitation bands attributed to the electrons of Cr3+transiting from 4A2g(4F)→4T1g(4F)and 4A2g(4F)→4T2g(4F)were observed.The broad excitation band at about 397 nm was asymmetric and consisted of two peaks,indicating that there was a trigonal distortion existing in the lattices.The intensity of all emitting peaks revealed sharp increasing trend with the sintering temperature increase,and the intensity of emission at 698 nm assigned to inversion defects was more intense than that of emission at 687 nm assigned to octahedral Cr3+ions in the undistorted spinel lattice.The samples with higher synthesized temperature revealed longer decay time,and the relative weightage of shorter decay time component decreased with the increase of sintering temperature,indicating that the surface defects decreased.展开更多
As significant biocatalysts,natural enzymes have exhibited a vast range of applications in biocatalytic reactions.However,the“always-on”natural enzyme activity is not beneficial for the regulation of catalytic proce...As significant biocatalysts,natural enzymes have exhibited a vast range of applications in biocatalytic reactions.However,the“always-on”natural enzyme activity is not beneficial for the regulation of catalytic processes,which limits their bio-applications.Recently,it has been extensively reported that various organic artificial enzymes exhibit prominent absorption and controlled activity under illumination,which not only creates a series of light-responsive catalytic platforms but also plays a key role in biosensing and biomedical research.To provide novel ideas for the design of artificial enzymes,we conduct this review to highlight the recent progress of light-responsive organic artificial enzymes(LOA-Enz).The specific photoresponse mechanism and various bio-applications of LOA-Enz are also presented in detail.Furthermore,the remaining challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed.展开更多
Hydrogel systems promote the development of flexible energy storage devices because of their inherent mechanical elasticity and ionic conductivity.However,achieving stable energy storage capacity under violent mechani...Hydrogel systems promote the development of flexible energy storage devices because of their inherent mechanical elasticity and ionic conductivity.However,achieving stable energy storage capacity under violent mechanical deformation is still a challenge for hydrogel devices.In this work,an all-in-one integrated supercapacitor(AISC)was assembled using in situ deposited polyaniline/graphene oxide nanocomposites for both sides of the incorporated ionic hydrogel electrolyte.The assembly process of the AISC was greatly simplified,and the displacement and separation of the multilayer structured hydrogel complex were avoided during mechanical deformation.The hydrogel electrolyte with ionic additives exhibited strong adhesion and flexibility,and high ionic conductivity,thereby ensuring the excellent specific capacitance and rate performance of the AISC.The specific capacitances of the AISC were 222.8 mF cm^(−2) at the current density of 0.2 mA cm^(−2) and 151.7 mF cm^(−2) at 3.2 mA cm^(−2).The capacitance retention rate was 68.1%.The energy density of a piece of the device reached 44.6μW h cm^(−2) at a power density of 120.0μW cm^(−2).Moreover,reliable and reproducible energy storage was acquired under bending,compression,and stretching deformations.The AISC was also easily assembled in series to power a light-emitting diode(LED)light.This work provides a facile approach to the construction of flexible supercapacitors for the development of energy storage devices in flexible electronics.展开更多
To realize continuously and stably work in a“moist/hot environment”,flexible electronics with excellent humid resistance,antiswelling,and detection sensitivity are demanding.Herein,a solvent-resistant and temperatur...To realize continuously and stably work in a“moist/hot environment”,flexible electronics with excellent humid resistance,antiswelling,and detection sensitivity are demanding.Herein,a solvent-resistant and temperature-ultrasensitive hydrogel sensor was prepared by combining MXene and quaternized chitosan(QCS)with the binary polymer chain.The strong electrostatic interaction between the QCS chain and the poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)network endows the hydrogel stability against solvent erosion,high temperature,and high humidity.The strong dynamic interaction between MXene and polymer matrix significantly improves the mechanical properties and sensing(strain and temperature)sensitivity of the hydrogel.The hydrogel strain sensor exhibits a high gauge factor(5.53),temperature/humidity tolerance(equilibrium swelling ratio of 2.5%at 80℃),and excellent cycle stability,which could achieve a remote and accurate perception of complex human motion and environment fluctuation under aquatic conditions.Moreover,the hydrogel sensor exhibits impressive thermal response sensitivity(-3.183%/℃),ultrashort response time(<2.53 s),and a low detection limit(<0.5℃)in a wide temperature range,which is applied as an indicator of the body surface and ambient temperature.In short,this study broadens the application scenarios of hydrogels in persistent extreme thermal and wet environments.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11176020)the Fund from the China Academy of Engineering Physics,China(Grant No.2011A0302014)
文摘To probe the behavior of hydrogen bonds in solid energetic materials, we conduct ReaxFF and SCC-DFTB molecular dynamics simulations of crystalline TATB, RDX, and DATB. By comparing the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bond- ing rates, we find that the crystal structures are stabilized by inter-molecular hydrogen bond networks. Under high-pressure, the inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds in solid TATB and DATB are nearly equivalent. The hydrogen bonds in solid TATB and DATB are much shorter than in solid RDX, which suggests strong hydrogen bond interactions existing in these energetic materials. Stretching of the C-H bond is observed in solid RDX, which may lead to further decomposition and even detonation.
基金NSF of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:BK20190688NSF of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Grant/Award Number:21KJB430039+1 种基金NSF of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ZR2020KB018Taishan Scholars”Construction Special Fund of Shandong Province,and the Industrial Alliance Fund of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory,Grant/Award Number:SDKL016038。
文摘Hydrogel is frequently used as a solid electrolyte for all solid-state supercapacitors(SCs)because of its liquid-like ion-transport property and high conformability.However,due to the higher water content,the hydrogel electrolyte undergoes inevitable freezing and/or dehydration with climate change.Herein,polypyrrole/carbon all-solid-state SCs(PCSCs)were developed based on a hierarchical polypyrrole/carbon nanotube electrode and a highly stretchable double-network polymer hydrogel electrolyte with LiCl/ethylene glycol as a mixed solvent.The PCSCs showed excellent electrochemical performance and cycle stability with a wide operating temperature.The specific capacitances could reach 202.2 and 112.3 mF cm^(−2) at current densities of 0.5 and 3.0 mA cm^(−2),respectively.Meanwhile,the PCSCs showed outstanding mechanical properties in maintaining a high areal capacitance under deformations of bending and tension.The excellent water retention of the device also ensured the stable electrochemical performance of PCSCs in a wide temperature range(30–80℃),which could potentially represent a reliable application in various harsh environments.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60478029, 90503010, 10575040 and 10125419 and the National Fundamental Research Program of China under Grant Nos. 2005CB724508 and 2001CB309310
文摘We present a systematic study on the formation of ultra-slow bright and dark optical solitons in highly resonant media. By investigating four life-time broadened atomic systems, i.e., three-state A-type and cascade-type schemes, and four-state N-type and cascade-type schemes, we show that the formation of such ultra-slow solitons in cold atomic systems is a fairly universal phenomenon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61405085 and 61275147)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Liaocheng University,China+1 种基金the Key Project of Science and Technology of Shandong Province of China(Grant No.2010GGX10127)the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.ZR2013EML006 and ZR2012AL11)
文摘We present a theoretical study of the influence of a single silver sphere on the fluorescence of radix angelica dahurica, which is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. The enhancement factors of the excitation and the relaxation processes are deduced. The excitation can be enhanced more than 100 times at 315 nm. The enhancement factor of the emission can reach up to 9 at a center wavelength of 400 nm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11374217)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.ZR2014BQ008)
文摘We investigate the Hugoniot curve, shock-particle velocity relations, and Chapman-Jouguet conditions of the hot dense system through molecular dynamics （MD） simulations. The detailed pathways from crystal nitromethane to reacted state by shock compression are simulated. The phase transition of N2 and CO mixture is found at about 10 GPa, and the main reason is that the dissociation of the C-O bond and the formation of C-C bond start at 10.0-11.0 GPa. The unreacted state simulations of nitromethane are consistent with shock Hugoniot data. The complete pathway from unreacted to reacted state is discussed. Through chemical species analysis, we find that the C-N bond breaking is the main event of the shock-induced nitromethane decomposition.
基金supported by NNSF of China (61525402, 61775095, 51803091, 61935004)Jiangsu Provincial key research and development plan (BE2017741)Six talent peak innovation team in Jiangsu Province (TD-SWYY-009)
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT),as one of the noninvasive clinical cancer phototherapies,suffers from the key drawback associated with hypoxia at the tumor microenvironment(TME),which plays an important role in protecting tumor cells from damage caused by common treatments.High concentration of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),one of the hallmarks of TME,has been recognized as a double-edged sword,posing both challenges,and opportunities for cancer therapy.The promising perspectives,strategies,and approaches for enhanced tumor therapies,including PDT,have been developed based on the fast advances in H2O2-enabled theranostic nanomedicine.In this review,we outline the latest advances in H2O2-responsive materials,including organic and inorganic materials for enhanced PDT.Finally,the challenges and opportunities for further research on H2O2-responsive anticancer agents are envisioned.
基金the financial support by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21203085)Promotive Research Fund for Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province(doctor fund)(Nos.BS2011CL011 and BS2012CL009)
文摘The random copolymers grafted onto the surfaces of SiO2 hollow sphere via reverse atom transfer radical polymerization （RATRP） and ＂click＂ chemistry were investigated. A sufficient amount of peroxides, as initiating moieties, were introduced onto the surface of hollow spheres. Then styrene and 4-vinylbenzyl azide were polymerized via surface-initiated reverse atom transfer radical polymerization （SI-RATRP） using the peroxide group modified hollow sphere as initiator, resulting in hollow spheres （HS） with grafted polystyrene-co-poly（4-vinylbenzyl azide） copolymer brushes as （HS-g-PS-co-PVBA） intermedi- ate material. Subsequently, N-propargyl-carbazole （PC） was covalently bonded to HS-g-PS-co-PVBA by the ＂click＂ reaction, resulting in the HS-g-PS-co-PVBPC hybrid material. The excitation spectrum is dominated by a broad band from 350 nm to 400 nm with the maximum peak at 362 nm, attributed to the characteristic absorption of the carbazole grouD of HS-g-PS-co-PVBPC hybrid material.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11974154,11674144,and 11604133the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant Nos.ZR2018MA038,2019GGX103023,Z2018S008,and 2019KJJ019.
文摘A structural search leads to the prediction of a novel alkaline earth nitride BeN_(4)containing a square planar N_(4)^(2-)ring.This compound has a particular chemical bonding pattern giving it potential as a high-energy-density material.The P4/nmm phase of BeN_(4)may be stable under ambient conditions,with a bandgap of 3.72 eV.It is predicted to have high thermodynamic and kinetic stability due to transfer of the outer-shell s electrons of the Be atom to the N_(4)cluster,with the outer-shell 2p orbital accommodating the lone-pair electrons of N_(4)^(2-).The total of sixπelectrons is the most striking feature,indicating that the square planar N_(4)^(2-)exhibits aromaticity.Under ambient conditions,BeN_(4)has a high energy density(3.924 kJ/g relative to Be3N2 and N2 gas),and its synthesis might be possible at pressures above 31.6 GPa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(NNSF)of China(52103166 and 61935004)the Natural Science Foundation(NSF)of Jiangsu Province(BK20200710)+3 种基金Jiangsu Postdoctoral Science Foundation(51204087)NSF of Shandong Province(ZR2020KB018)Taishan Scholars"Construction Special Fund of Shandong Province,the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(202003N40448)the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics No.2020WNLOKF022.
文摘Metal-and metal-oxide-based nanoparticles have been widely exploited in cancer photodynamic therapy(PDT).Among these materials,cerium-based nanoparticles have drawn extensive attention due to their superior biosafety and distinctive physicochemical properties,especially the reversible transition between the valence states of Ce(Ⅲ)and Ce(Ⅳ).In this review,the recent advances in the use of cerium-based nanoparticles as novel photosensitizers for cancer PDT are discussed,and the activation mechanisms for electron transfer to generate singlet oxygen are presented.In addition,the types of cerium-based nanoparticles used for PDT of cancer are summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects of clinical translations of cerium-based nanoparticles are briefly addressed.
基金supported by Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youth (20210302124468)National Natural Science Foundation of China (22205157)。
文摘We report a novel benzoxazole derivative,1,4-bis(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)naphthalene(BBON),exhibiting exceptional multifunctional properties for advanced optoelectronic applications.BBON crystals demonstrate remarkable multidirectional bending and twisting at room temperature and retain elasticity under extreme conditions,such as exposure to liquid nitrogen,showcasing their durability.These crystals can be crafted into complex mesh and lantern shapes,highlighting their versatility for flexible and wearable technologies.Under high pressure,BBON exhibits significant piezochromic shifts,with the emission wavelength shifting from 477 to 545 nm upon pressure increase.BBON crystals,with a high quantum yield of 72.26%,exhibit excellent optical waveguide performance:0.38 dB/cm when straight and 0.56 dB/cm when bent.These properties make them ideal for smart sensors and flexible electronic devices.Single-crystal analyses reveal that molecular stacking and intermolecular interactions are crucial to their elastic and piezochromic properties,providing insights for the design of future responsive materials.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61775095)the Six Talent Peak Innovation Team in Jiangsu Province(TD-SWYY-009)‘Taishan Scholars’Construction Special Fund of Shandong Province.
文摘Electronic skin is driving the next generation of cutting-edge wearable electronic products due to its good wearability and high accuracy of information acquisition.However,it remains a challenge to fulfill the requirements on detecting full-range human activities with existing flexible strain sensors.Herein,highly stretchable,sensitive,and multifunctional flexible strain sensors based on MXene-(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-)composited poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone double-network hydrogels were prepared.The uniformly distributed hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed a three-dimensional conductive network throughout the hydrogel,endowing the flexible sensor with high sensitivity.The strong interaction between the double-network hydrogel matrix and MXene greatly improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels.The resulting nanocomposited hydrogels featured great tensile performance(2400%),toughness,and resilience.Particularly,the as-prepared flexible pressure sensor revealed ultrahigh sensitivity(10.75 kPa^(-1))with a wide response range(0-61.5 kPa),fast response(33.5 ms),and low limit of detection(0.87 Pa).Moreover,the hydrogel-based flexible sensors,with high sensitivity and durability,could be employed to monitor fullrange human motions and assembled into some aligned devices for subtle pressure detection,providing enormous potential in facial expression and phonation recognition,handwriting verification,healthy diagnosis,and wearable electronics.
基金The work was supported by Jiangsu Province Policy Guidance Plan(No.BZ2019014),NSF of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190688)NSF of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.21KJB430039)‘Taishan scholars'construction special fund of Shandong Province.
文摘Hydrogel is a potential matrix material of electronic-skins(E-skins)because of its excellent ductility,tunability,and biocompatibility.However,hydrogel-based E-Skins will inevitably lose their sensing performance in practical applications for water loss,physical damage,and ambient interferences.It remains a challenge to manufacture highly durable gel-based E-skins.Herein,an E-Skin is fabricated by introducing ionic liquids(ILs)into MXene-composited binary polymer network.The obtained ionic gel shows excellent mechanical properties,strong adhesion,and superior tolerance to harsh environments.The E-skin exhibits high sensitivity to both strain and pressure in a wide range of deformations,which enables a monitoring function for various human motions and physiological activities.Importantly,the E-skin shows consistent electrical response after being stored in the open air for 30 days and can be quickly healed by irradiation with 808 nm near-infrared light,originating from the photo-thermal effect induced self-healing acceleration.It is noteworthy that the E-skin also reveals a highly sensitive perception of temperature and near-infrared light,displaying the promising potential applications in the multifunctional flexible sensor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61775095)six talent peak innovation team in Jiangsu Province(No.TD-SWYY-009)“Taishan scholars”construction special fund of Shandong Province。
文摘The flourishing development in flexible electronics has provoked intensive research in flexible strain sensors to realize accurate perception acquisition under different external stimuli.However,building hydrogel-based strain sensors with high stretchability and sensitivity remains a great challenge.Herein,MXene nanosheets were composited into polyacrylamide-sodium alginate matrix to construct mechanical robust and sensitive double networked hydrogel strain sensor.The hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed strong interactions with the polymer matrix and endowed the hydrogel with excellent tensile properties(3150%),compliant mechanical strength(2.03 kPa^(-1)in Young’s Module)and long-lasting stability and fatigue resistance(1000 dynamic cycles under 1,600%strain).Due to the highly oriented MXene-based three dimensional conductive networks,the hydrogel sensor achieved extremely high tensile sensitivity(18.15 in gauge factor)and compression sensitivity(0.38 kPa^(-1)below 3 kPa).MXene hydrogel-based strain sensors also displayed negligible hysteresis in electromechanical performance,typical frequent-independent feature and rapid response time to external stimuli.Moreover,the sensor exhibited accurate response to different scales of human movements,providing potential application in speech recognition,expression recognition and handwriting verification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11805142,11205096,and 11874243)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020QF086)。
文摘Lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3),LN)channel and ridge waveguides have been successfully fabricated by He ion implantation,which has energy of 500 keV and fluence of 1.5×10^(16)ions/cm^(2) and is combined with lithography and the precise diamond dicing technique.The refractive index profile of the annealed LN planar waveguide was reconstructed.The propagation loss of the channel waveguide with a width of 10μm and that of the ridge waveguides with widths of 25μm and 15μm were investigated by the end-face coupling method.In our work,the factors that affect the waveguide properties of channel and ridge waveguides were revealed.
基金Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Plan,Grant/Award Number:BE2021711NNSF of China,Grant/Award Numbers:62120106002,22175089,61935004+2 种基金‘Taishan scholars’construction special fund of Shandong ProvinceNSF of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ZR2020KB018Jiangsu Province Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Program Project,Grant/Award Number:KYCX22_1336。
文摘Chemodynamic therapy(CDT)utilizes Fenton and/or Fenton-like reactions in the tumor microenvironment(TME)to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS,mainly hydroxyl radicals,·OH)for inducing cancer cell death.Since CDT exhibits minimal invasiveness and high tumor specificity by responding to TME(overexpressed hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and glutathione(GSH)gener-ation),a lot of related research has been conducted recently.Photo-facilitated CDT can further enhance the catalytic activity and controllability of the treat-ment.In addition,other photo-induced therapies,including photodynamic and photothermal therapy(PDT,PTT),may synergize with CDT to obtain boosting treatment efficacy and avoid multidrug resistance.In this minireview,we summarizethe recentadvancesinphoto-assisted CDT,including PTT-facilitated CDT and PDT-facilitated CDT.More importantly,the challenges encountered in the treatment process are discussed and potential development directions are suggested to facilitate the clinicaltranslation of photo-assisted CDT in the future.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0709900),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61775089)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020KB018)“Taishan scholars”construction special fund of Shandong Province.
文摘With the widespread prevailing of flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces,health monitor,and human motion detection,ultrasoft flexible sensors are urgently desired with critical demands in conformality.Herein,a temperature-sensitive ionogel with near-infrared(NIR)-light controlled adhesion is prepared by electrostatic interaction of poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)and acrylic acid,as well as the incorporation of the conductive polydopamine modified polypyrrole nanoparticles(PPy-PDA NPs).The PPy-PDA NPs could weaken the tough interaction between polymer chains and depress the Young’s modulus of the ionogel,thus promoting the ionogel ultrasoft(34 kPa)and highly stretchable(1,013%)performance to tensile deformations.In addition,the high photothermal conversion capacity of PPy-PDA NPs ensured the ionogel excellent NIR-light controlled adhesion and temperature sensitivity,which facilitated the ionogel on-demand removal and promised a reliable thermal sensor.Moreover,the resulted ultrasoft flexible sensor exhibited high sensitivity and stability to both strain and pressure in a broad range of deformations,enabling a precise monitoring on various human motions and physiological activities.The temperature-sensitive,ultrasoft,and controlled adhesive capabilities prompted great potential of the flexible ionogel in medical diagnosis and wearable electronics.
基金This work was supported by the Initial Foundation for the Doctor Project of Liaocheng University (No. 318051410)the Project of Science and Technology Plan for University of Shandong Province (No. J16LJ05)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61574071, 61775089, 11604132 and 11604133)the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. ZR2018MA036 and ZR2018MA039)the Industrial Alliance Fund of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory (Grant No. SDKL2016038)the ‘Taishan Scholars’ Construction Special Fund of Shandong Province.
文摘ZnAl2O4:Cr3+hollow spheres composed of secondary nanoparticles with single spinel phase were fabricated using carbon templets.Monitoring the emission of 687 nm,two wide excitation bands attributed to the electrons of Cr3+transiting from 4A2g(4F)→4T1g(4F)and 4A2g(4F)→4T2g(4F)were observed.The broad excitation band at about 397 nm was asymmetric and consisted of two peaks,indicating that there was a trigonal distortion existing in the lattices.The intensity of all emitting peaks revealed sharp increasing trend with the sintering temperature increase,and the intensity of emission at 698 nm assigned to inversion defects was more intense than that of emission at 687 nm assigned to octahedral Cr3+ions in the undistorted spinel lattice.The samples with higher synthesized temperature revealed longer decay time,and the relative weightage of shorter decay time component decreased with the increase of sintering temperature,indicating that the surface defects decreased.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(No.2020YFA0709900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62120106002 and 22175089)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200092)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(No.202003N40448)Research Innovation Plan for Graduate Students in Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX21_0473)“Taishan scholars”construction special fund of Shandong Province.
文摘As significant biocatalysts,natural enzymes have exhibited a vast range of applications in biocatalytic reactions.However,the“always-on”natural enzyme activity is not beneficial for the regulation of catalytic processes,which limits their bio-applications.Recently,it has been extensively reported that various organic artificial enzymes exhibit prominent absorption and controlled activity under illumination,which not only creates a series of light-responsive catalytic platforms but also plays a key role in biosensing and biomedical research.To provide novel ideas for the design of artificial enzymes,we conduct this review to highlight the recent progress of light-responsive organic artificial enzymes(LOA-Enz).The specific photoresponse mechanism and various bio-applications of LOA-Enz are also presented in detail.Furthermore,the remaining challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020KB018)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190688)+2 种基金the Six Talent Peak Innovation Team in Jiangsu Province(TD-SWYY-009)the"Taishan Scholars"Construction Special Fund of Shandong Provincethe Industrial Alliance Fund of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory(SDKL2016038)。
文摘Hydrogel systems promote the development of flexible energy storage devices because of their inherent mechanical elasticity and ionic conductivity.However,achieving stable energy storage capacity under violent mechanical deformation is still a challenge for hydrogel devices.In this work,an all-in-one integrated supercapacitor(AISC)was assembled using in situ deposited polyaniline/graphene oxide nanocomposites for both sides of the incorporated ionic hydrogel electrolyte.The assembly process of the AISC was greatly simplified,and the displacement and separation of the multilayer structured hydrogel complex were avoided during mechanical deformation.The hydrogel electrolyte with ionic additives exhibited strong adhesion and flexibility,and high ionic conductivity,thereby ensuring the excellent specific capacitance and rate performance of the AISC.The specific capacitances of the AISC were 222.8 mF cm^(−2) at the current density of 0.2 mA cm^(−2) and 151.7 mF cm^(−2) at 3.2 mA cm^(−2).The capacitance retention rate was 68.1%.The energy density of a piece of the device reached 44.6μW h cm^(−2) at a power density of 120.0μW cm^(−2).Moreover,reliable and reproducible energy storage was acquired under bending,compression,and stretching deformations.The AISC was also easily assembled in series to power a light-emitting diode(LED)light.This work provides a facile approach to the construction of flexible supercapacitors for the development of energy storage devices in flexible electronics.
基金The work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0709900)“Taishan scholars”construction special fund of Shandong Province。
文摘To realize continuously and stably work in a“moist/hot environment”,flexible electronics with excellent humid resistance,antiswelling,and detection sensitivity are demanding.Herein,a solvent-resistant and temperature-ultrasensitive hydrogel sensor was prepared by combining MXene and quaternized chitosan(QCS)with the binary polymer chain.The strong electrostatic interaction between the QCS chain and the poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)network endows the hydrogel stability against solvent erosion,high temperature,and high humidity.The strong dynamic interaction between MXene and polymer matrix significantly improves the mechanical properties and sensing(strain and temperature)sensitivity of the hydrogel.The hydrogel strain sensor exhibits a high gauge factor(5.53),temperature/humidity tolerance(equilibrium swelling ratio of 2.5%at 80℃),and excellent cycle stability,which could achieve a remote and accurate perception of complex human motion and environment fluctuation under aquatic conditions.Moreover,the hydrogel sensor exhibits impressive thermal response sensitivity(-3.183%/℃),ultrashort response time(<2.53 s),and a low detection limit(<0.5℃)in a wide temperature range,which is applied as an indicator of the body surface and ambient temperature.In short,this study broadens the application scenarios of hydrogels in persistent extreme thermal and wet environments.
